Chapter 12 Vocab

Question 1

psychological disorder

Answer 1

deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors.

Question 2

ADHD

Answer 2

a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Question 3

medical model

Answer 3

the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases,cured, often through treatment in a hospital.

Question 4

dsm-iv-tr

Answer 4

the American Psychiatric Association’sDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, updated as a 2000 “text revision”; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders. (p. 565)

Question 5

anxiety disorders

Answer 5

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety. (p. 569)

Question 6

generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 6

an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal. (p. 570)

Question 7

panic disorder

Answer 7

an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations. (p. 570)

Question 8

phobia

Answer 8

an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation. (p. 571)

Question 9

OCD

Answer 9

an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions). (p. 571)

Question 10

PTSD

Answer 10

an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience. (p. 572)

Question 11

post-traumatic growth

Answer 11

positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises. (p. 573)

Question 12

somatoform disorder

Answer 12

psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause. (See conversion disorder and hypochondriasis.) (p. 576)

Question 13

conversion disorder

Answer 13

a rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found. (p. 577)

Question 14

hypochondriasis

Answer 14

a somatoform disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease. (p. 577)

Question 15

dissociative disorders

Answer 15

disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings. (p. 577)

Question 16

dissociative identity disorder DID

Answer 16

a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder. (p. 578)

Question 17

mood disorders

Answer 17

psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. See major depressive disorder, mania, and bipolar disorder.(p. 579)

Question 18

major depressive disorder

Answer 18

a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities. (p. 580)

Question 19

mania

Answer 19

a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state. (p. 581)

Question 20

bipolar disorder

Answer 20

a mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (Formerly called manic-depressive disorder.) (p. 581)

Question 21

schizophrenia

Answer 21

a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions. (p. 590)

Question 22

delusions

Answer 22

false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders. (p. 590)

Question 23

personality disorders

Answer 23

psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning. (p. 596)

Question 24

antisocial personality disorder

Answer 24

a personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist. (p. 597)

Question 25

# reversed deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors.

Answer 25

psychological disorder

Question 26

# reversed a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Answer 26

ADHD

Question 27

# reversed the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases,cured, often through treatment in a hospital.

Answer 27

medical model

Question 28

# reversed the American Psychiatric Association’sDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, updated as a 2000 “text revision”; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders. (p. 565)

Answer 28

dsm-iv-tr

Question 29

# reversed psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety. (p. 569)

Answer 29

anxiety disorders

Question 30

# reversed an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal. (p. 570)

Answer 30

generalized anxiety disorder

Question 31

# reversed an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations. (p. 570)

Answer 31

panic disorder

Question 32

# reversed an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation. (p. 571)

Answer 32

phobia

Question 33

# reversed an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions). (p. 571)

Answer 33

OCD

Question 34

# reversed an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience. (p. 572)

Answer 34

PTSD

Question 35

# reversed positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises. (p. 573)

Answer 35

post-traumatic growth

Question 36

# reversed psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause. (See conversion disorder and hypochondriasis.) (p. 576)

Answer 36

somatoform disorder

Question 37

# reversed a rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found. (p. 577)

Answer 37

conversion disorder

Question 38

# reversed a somatoform disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease. (p. 577)

Answer 38

hypochondriasis

Question 39

# reversed disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings. (p. 577)

Answer 39

dissociative disorders

Question 40

# reversed a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder. (p. 578)

Answer 40

dissociative identity disorder DID

Question 41

# reversed psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. See major depressive disorder, mania, and bipolar disorder.(p. 579)

Answer 41

mood disorders

Question 42

# reversed a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities. (p. 580)

Answer 42

major depressive disorder

Question 43

# reversed a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state. (p. 581)

Answer 43

mania

Question 44

# reversed a mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (Formerly called manic-depressive disorder.) (p. 581)

Answer 44

bipolar disorder

Question 45

# reversed a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions. (p. 590)

Answer 45

schizophrenia

Question 46

# reversed false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders. (p. 590)

Answer 46

delusions

Question 47

# reversed psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning. (p. 596)

Answer 47

personality disorders

Question 48

# reversed a personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist. (p. 597)

Answer 48

antisocial personality disorder