Chapter 11 Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

intelligence test

A

a method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores.

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2
Q

intelligence

A

mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.

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3
Q

general intelligence

A

a general intelligence factor that, according to Spearman and others, underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test.

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4
Q

factor analysis

A

a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person’s total score.

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5
Q

savant syndrome

A

a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing. (p. 525)

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6
Q

emotional intelligence

A

the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions. (p. 528)

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7
Q

mental age

A

a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance. Thus, a child who does as well as the average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8. (p. 533)

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8
Q

stanford-binet

A

the widely used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet’s original intelligence test. (p. 534)

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9
Q

intelligence quotient (iq)

A

defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age(ca) multiplied by 100 (thus, IQ = ma/ca × 100). On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100. (p. 534)

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10
Q

achievement tests

A

tests designed to assess what a person has learned. (p. 535)

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11
Q

aptitude tests

A

tests designed to predict a person’s future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn. (p. 535)

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12
Q

wechsier adult intelligence scale (wais)

A

the WAIS is the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests. (p. 535)

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13
Q

standardization

A

defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group. (p. 536)

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14
Q

normal curve

A

(normal distribution) a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean (68 percent fall within one standard deviation of it) and fewer and fewer near the extremes. (pp. 40, 536)

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15
Q

reliability

A

the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, or on retesting. (p. 538)

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16
Q

validity

A

the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to. (See also content validity and predictive validity.) (p. 538)

17
Q

content validity

A

the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest. (p. 538)

18
Q

predictive validity

A

the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior. (Also calledcriterion-related validity.) (p. 538)

19
Q

intellectual disability

A

(formerly referred to asmental retardation) a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound. (p. 542)

20
Q

down syndrome

A

a condition of intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. (p. 542)

21
Q

stereotype threat

A

a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype. (p. 555)