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AP Psychology > Chapter 3B Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 3B Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

lesion

A

tissue destruction. a naturallyor experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue

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2
Q

electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain’s surface. measures by electrodes placed on the scalp

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3
Q

CT (computed tomography) scan

A

a series of X-ray photographs taken from diff. angles & combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body / also called a CAT scan

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4
Q

PET (positron emission tomography) scan

A

visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task

How well did you know this?
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2
3
4
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5
Q

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

A

technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. show brain anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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6
Q

fMRI (functional MRI)

A

technique for revealing bloodflow and therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. fMRI scans show brain function

How well did you know this?
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7
Q

brainstem

A

oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; responsible for automatic survival functions

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8
Q

medulla

A

the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing

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9
Q

reticular formation

A

a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal

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10
Q

thalamus

A

the brain’s sensory switchboard;

located on top of the brainstem;

directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
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11
Q

cerebellum

A

the “little brain” at the rear of the brainstem

processes sensory input and coordinates movement output and balance

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12
Q

limbic system

A

doughnut shaped neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres

associated with emotions and drives

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13
Q

amygdala

A

2 lima bean sized neural clusters in the limbic system

linked to emotion

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14
Q

hypothalamus

A

a neural structure lying below the thalamus

directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward

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15
Q

cerebral cortex

A

intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres

the body’s ultimate control and information processing center

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16
Q

glial cells

A

cells in the nervous system that support nourish and protect neurons

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17
Q

frontal lobes

A

lies just behind the forehead

involving in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments

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18
Q

parietal lobes

A

lies at top of head and toward the rear;

receives sensory input for touch and body position

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19
Q

occipital lobes

A

lie at back of head;

includes areas that receive info. from the visual fields

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20
Q

temporal lobes

A

lies roughly above the ears

auditory areas; each receives info. primarily from the opposite ear

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21
Q

motor cortex

A

area at rear of frontal lobes

controls voluntary movements

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22
Q

sensory cortex

A

area at front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations

How well did you know this?
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3
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23
Q

association aras

A

not involved in primary motor / sensory functions

involved in higher mental functions such as learning remembering thinking and speaking

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24
Q

aphasia

A

impairment of language, caused by left hemisphre damage either to Broca’s area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke’s area (impairing understanding)

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25
Q

Broca’s area

A

controls language expression

directs muscle movements involved in speech

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26
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

controls language reception

language comprehension and expression

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27
Q

plasticity

A

brain’s ability to change

especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience

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28
Q

neurogenesis

A

formation of new neurons

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29
Q

corpus callosum

A

large band of neural fibers connecting the 2 brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

split brain

A

results from surgery that isolates the brain’s 2 hemisphres by cutting the fibers connecting them

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

consciousness

A

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

cognitive neuroscience

A

interdisciplinary study of brain activity linked with cognition (perception, thinking, memory, and language)

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

dual processing

A

principle that info. is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks

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3
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34
Q

reversed

tissue destruction. a naturallyor experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue

A

lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

reversed

an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain’s surface. measures by electrodes placed on the scalp

A

electroencephalogram (EEG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

reversed

a series of X-ray photographs taken from diff. angles & combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body / also called a CAT scan

A

CT (computed tomography) scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

reversed

visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task

A

PET (positron emission tomography) scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

reversed

technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. show brain anatomy

A

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

reversed

technique for revealing bloodflow and therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. fMRI scans show brain function

A

fMRI (functional MRI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

reversed

oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; responsible for automatic survival functions

A

brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

reversed

the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing

A

medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

reversed

a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal

A

reticular formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

reversed

the brain’s sensory switchboard;

located on top of the brainstem;

directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla

A

thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

reversed

the “little brain” at the rear of the brainstem

processes sensory input and coordinates movement output and balance

A

cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

reversed

doughnut shaped neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres

associated with emotions and drives

A

limbic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

reversed

2 lima bean sized neural clusters in the limbic system

linked to emotion

A

amygdala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

reversed

a neural structure lying below the thalamus

directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward

A

hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

reversed

intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres

the body’s ultimate control and information processing center

A

cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

reversed

cells in the nervous system that support nourish and protect neurons

A

glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

reversed

lies just behind the forehead

involving in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments

A

frontal lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

reversed

lies at top of head and toward the rear;

receives sensory input for touch and body position

A

parietal lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

reversed

lie at back of head;

includes areas that receive info. from the visual fields

A

occipital lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

reversed

lies roughly above the ears

auditory areas; each receives info. primarily from the opposite ear

A

temporal lobes

54
Q

reversed

area at rear of frontal lobes

controls voluntary movements

A

motor cortex

55
Q

reversed

area at front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations

A

sensory cortex

56
Q

reversed

not involved in primary motor / sensory functions

involved in higher mental functions such as learning remembering thinking and speaking

A

association aras

57
Q

reversed

impairment of language, caused by left hemisphre damage either to Broca’s area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke’s area (impairing understanding)

A

aphasia

58
Q

reversed

controls language expression

directs muscle movements involved in speech

A

Broca’s area

59
Q

reversed

controls language reception

language comprehension and expression

A

Wernicke’s area

60
Q

reversed

brain’s ability to change

especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience

A

plasticity

61
Q

reversed

formation of new neurons

A

neurogenesis

62
Q

reversed

large band of neural fibers connecting the 2 brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them

A

corpus callosum

63
Q

reversed

results from surgery that isolates the brain’s 2 hemisphres by cutting the fibers connecting them

A

split brain

64
Q

reversed

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

A

consciousness

65
Q

reversed

interdisciplinary study of brain activity linked with cognition (perception, thinking, memory, and language)

A

cognitive neuroscience

66
Q

reversed

principle that info. is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks

A

dual processing

67
Q

lesion

A

tissue destruction. a naturallyor experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue

68
Q

electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain’s surface. measures by electrodes placed on the scalp

69
Q

CT (computed tomography) scan

A

a series of X-ray photographs taken from diff. angles & combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body / also called a CAT scan

70
Q

PET (positron emission tomography) scan

A

visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task

71
Q

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

A

technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. show brain anatomy

72
Q

fMRI (functional MRI)

A

technique for revealing bloodflow and therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. fMRI scans show brain function

73
Q

brainstem

A

oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; responsible for automatic survival functions

74
Q

medulla

A

the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing

75
Q

reticular formation

A

a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal

76
Q

thalamus

A

the brain’s sensory switchboard;

located on top of the brainstem;

directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla

77
Q

cerebellum

A

the “little brain” at the rear of the brainstem

processes sensory input and coordinates movement output and balance

78
Q

limbic system

A

doughnut shaped neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres

associated with emotions and drives

79
Q

amygdala

A

2 lima bean sized neural clusters in the limbic system

linked to emotion

80
Q

hypothalamus

A

a neural structure lying below the thalamus

directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward

81
Q

cerebral cortex

A

intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres

the body’s ultimate control and information processing center

82
Q

glial cells

A

cells in the nervous system that support nourish and protect neurons

83
Q

frontal lobes

A

lies just behind the forehead

involving in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments

84
Q

parietal lobes

A

lies at top of head and toward the rear;

receives sensory input for touch and body position

85
Q

occipital lobes

A

lie at back of head;

includes areas that receive info. from the visual fields

86
Q

temporal lobes

A

lies roughly above the ears

auditory areas; each receives info. primarily from the opposite ear

87
Q

motor cortex

A

area at rear of frontal lobes

controls voluntary movements

88
Q

sensory cortex

A

area at front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations

89
Q

association aras

A

not involved in primary motor / sensory functions

involved in higher mental functions such as learning remembering thinking and speaking

90
Q

aphasia

A

impairment of language, caused by left hemisphre damage either to Broca’s area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke’s area (impairing understanding)

91
Q

Broca’s area

A

controls language expression

directs muscle movements involved in speech

92
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

controls language reception

language comprehension and expression

93
Q

plasticity

A

brain’s ability to change

especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience

94
Q

neurogenesis

A

formation of new neurons

95
Q

corpus callosum

A

large band of neural fibers connecting the 2 brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them

96
Q

split brain

A

results from surgery that isolates the brain’s 2 hemisphres by cutting the fibers connecting them

97
Q

consciousness

A

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

98
Q

cognitive neuroscience

A

interdisciplinary study of brain activity linked with cognition (perception, thinking, memory, and language)

99
Q

dual processing

A

principle that info. is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks

100
Q

reversed

tissue destruction. a naturallyor experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue

A

lesion

101
Q

reversed

an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain’s surface. measures by electrodes placed on the scalp

A

electroencephalogram (EEG)

102
Q

reversed

a series of X-ray photographs taken from diff. angles & combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body / also called a CAT scan

A

CT (computed tomography) scan

103
Q

reversed

visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task

A

PET (positron emission tomography) scan

104
Q

reversed

technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. show brain anatomy

A

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

105
Q

reversed

technique for revealing bloodflow and therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. fMRI scans show brain function

A

fMRI (functional MRI)

106
Q

reversed

oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; responsible for automatic survival functions

A

brainstem

107
Q

reversed

the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing

A

medulla

108
Q

reversed

a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal

A

reticular formation

109
Q

reversed

the brain’s sensory switchboard;

located on top of the brainstem;

directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla

A

thalamus

110
Q

reversed

the “little brain” at the rear of the brainstem

processes sensory input and coordinates movement output and balance

A

cerebellum

111
Q

reversed

doughnut shaped neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres

associated with emotions and drives

A

limbic system

112
Q

reversed

2 lima bean sized neural clusters in the limbic system

linked to emotion

A

amygdala

113
Q

reversed

a neural structure lying below the thalamus

directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward

A

hypothalamus

114
Q

reversed

intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres

the body’s ultimate control and information processing center

A

cerebral cortex

115
Q

reversed

cells in the nervous system that support nourish and protect neurons

A

glial cells

116
Q

reversed

lies just behind the forehead

involving in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments

A

frontal lobes

117
Q

reversed

lies at top of head and toward the rear;

receives sensory input for touch and body position

A

parietal lobes

118
Q

reversed

lie at back of head;

includes areas that receive info. from the visual fields

A

occipital lobes

119
Q

reversed

lies roughly above the ears

auditory areas; each receives info. primarily from the opposite ear

A

temporal lobes

120
Q

reversed

area at rear of frontal lobes

controls voluntary movements

A

motor cortex

121
Q

reversed

area at front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations

A

sensory cortex

122
Q

reversed

not involved in primary motor / sensory functions

involved in higher mental functions such as learning remembering thinking and speaking

A

association aras

123
Q

reversed

impairment of language, caused by left hemisphre damage either to Broca’s area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke’s area (impairing understanding)

A

aphasia

124
Q

reversed

controls language expression

directs muscle movements involved in speech

A

Broca’s area

125
Q

reversed

controls language reception

language comprehension and expression

A

Wernicke’s area

126
Q

reversed

brain’s ability to change

especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience

A

plasticity

127
Q

reversed

formation of new neurons

A

neurogenesis

128
Q

reversed

large band of neural fibers connecting the 2 brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them

A

corpus callosum

129
Q

reversed

results from surgery that isolates the brain’s 2 hemisphres by cutting the fibers connecting them

A

split brain

130
Q

reversed

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

A

consciousness

131
Q

reversed

interdisciplinary study of brain activity linked with cognition (perception, thinking, memory, and language)

A

cognitive neuroscience

132
Q

reversed

principle that info. is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks

A

dual processing

AP Psychology (38 decks)

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