Chapter 3B Vocab Flashcards
1
Q
lesion
A
tissue destruction. a naturallyor experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue
2
Q
electroencephalogram (EEG)
A
an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain’s surface. measures by electrodes placed on the scalp
3
Q
CT (computed tomography) scan
A
a series of X-ray photographs taken from diff. angles & combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body / also called a CAT scan
4
Q
PET (positron emission tomography) scan
A
visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task
5
Q
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
A
technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. show brain anatomy
6
Q
fMRI (functional MRI)
A
technique for revealing bloodflow and therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. fMRI scans show brain function
7
Q
brainstem
A
oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; responsible for automatic survival functions
8
Q
medulla
A
the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing
9
Q
reticular formation
A
a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal
10
Q
thalamus
A
the brain’s sensory switchboard;
located on top of the brainstem;
directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla
11
Q
cerebellum
A
the “little brain” at the rear of the brainstem
processes sensory input and coordinates movement output and balance
12
Q
limbic system
A
doughnut shaped neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres
associated with emotions and drives
13
Q
amygdala
A
2 lima bean sized neural clusters in the limbic system
linked to emotion
14
Q
hypothalamus
A
a neural structure lying below the thalamus
directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward
15
Q
cerebral cortex
A
intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres
the body’s ultimate control and information processing center
16
Q
glial cells
A
cells in the nervous system that support nourish and protect neurons
17
Q
frontal lobes
A
lies just behind the forehead
involving in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments
18
Q
parietal lobes
A
lies at top of head and toward the rear;
receives sensory input for touch and body position
19
Q
occipital lobes
A
lie at back of head;
includes areas that receive info. from the visual fields
20
Q
temporal lobes
A
lies roughly above the ears
auditory areas; each receives info. primarily from the opposite ear
21
Q
motor cortex
A
area at rear of frontal lobes
controls voluntary movements
22
Q
sensory cortex
A
area at front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations
23
Q
association aras
A
not involved in primary motor / sensory functions
involved in higher mental functions such as learning remembering thinking and speaking
24
Q
aphasia
A
impairment of language, caused by left hemisphre damage either to Broca’s area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke’s area (impairing understanding)
25
Broca's area
controls language expression
directs muscle movements involved in speech
26
Wernicke's area
controls language reception
language comprehension and expression
27
plasticity
brain's ability to change
especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience
28
neurogenesis
formation of new neurons
29
corpus callosum
large band of neural fibers connecting the 2 brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them
30
split brain
results from surgery that isolates the brain's 2 hemisphres by cutting the fibers connecting them
31
consciousness
our awareness of ourselves and our environment
32
cognitive neuroscience
interdisciplinary study of brain activity linked with cognition (perception, thinking, memory, and language)
33
dual processing
principle that info. is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks
34
# reversed
tissue destruction. a naturallyor experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue
lesion
35
# reversed
an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface. measures by electrodes placed on the scalp
electroencephalogram (EEG)
36
# reversed
a series of X-ray photographs taken from diff. angles & combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body / also called a CAT scan
CT (computed tomography) scan
37
# reversed
visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task
PET (positron emission tomography) scan
38
# reversed
technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. show brain anatomy
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
39
# reversed
technique for revealing bloodflow and therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. fMRI scans show brain function
fMRI (functional MRI)
40
# reversed
oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; responsible for automatic survival functions
brainstem
41
# reversed
the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing
medulla
42
# reversed
a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal
reticular formation
43
# reversed
the brain's sensory switchboard;
located on top of the brainstem;
directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla
thalamus
44
# reversed
the "little brain" at the rear of the brainstem
processes sensory input and coordinates movement output and balance
cerebellum
45
# reversed
doughnut shaped neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres
associated with emotions and drives
limbic system
46
# reversed
2 lima bean sized neural clusters in the limbic system
linked to emotion
amygdala
47
# reversed
a neural structure lying below the thalamus
directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward
hypothalamus
48
# reversed
intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres
the body's ultimate control and information processing center
cerebral cortex
49
# reversed
cells in the nervous system that support nourish and protect neurons
glial cells
50
# reversed
lies just behind the forehead
involving in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments
frontal lobes
51
# reversed
lies at top of head and toward the rear;
receives sensory input for touch and body position
parietal lobes
52
# reversed
lie at back of head;
includes areas that receive info. from the visual fields
occipital lobes
53
# reversed
lies roughly above the ears
auditory areas; each receives info. primarily from the opposite ear
temporal lobes
54
# reversed
area at rear of frontal lobes
controls voluntary movements
motor cortex
55
# reversed
area at front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations
sensory cortex
56
# reversed
not involved in primary motor / sensory functions
involved in higher mental functions such as learning remembering thinking and speaking
association aras
57
# reversed
impairment of language, caused by left hemisphre damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding)
aphasia
58
# reversed
controls language expression
directs muscle movements involved in speech
Broca's area
59
# reversed
controls language reception
language comprehension and expression
Wernicke's area
60
# reversed
brain's ability to change
especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience
plasticity
61
# reversed
formation of new neurons
neurogenesis
62
# reversed
large band of neural fibers connecting the 2 brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them
corpus callosum
63
# reversed
results from surgery that isolates the brain's 2 hemisphres by cutting the fibers connecting them
split brain
64
# reversed
our awareness of ourselves and our environment
consciousness
65
# reversed
interdisciplinary study of brain activity linked with cognition (perception, thinking, memory, and language)
cognitive neuroscience
66
# reversed
principle that info. is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks
dual processing
67
lesion
tissue destruction. a naturallyor experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue
68
electroencephalogram (EEG)
an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface. measures by electrodes placed on the scalp
69
CT (computed tomography) scan
a series of X-ray photographs taken from diff. angles & combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body / also called a CAT scan
70
PET (positron emission tomography) scan
visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task
71
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. show brain anatomy
72
fMRI (functional MRI)
technique for revealing bloodflow and therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. fMRI scans show brain function
73
brainstem
oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; responsible for automatic survival functions
74
medulla
the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing
75
reticular formation
a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal
76
thalamus
the brain's sensory switchboard;
located on top of the brainstem;
directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla
77
cerebellum
the "little brain" at the rear of the brainstem
processes sensory input and coordinates movement output and balance
78
limbic system
doughnut shaped neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres
associated with emotions and drives
79
amygdala
2 lima bean sized neural clusters in the limbic system
linked to emotion
80
hypothalamus
a neural structure lying below the thalamus
directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward
81
cerebral cortex
intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres
the body's ultimate control and information processing center
82
glial cells
cells in the nervous system that support nourish and protect neurons
83
frontal lobes
lies just behind the forehead
involving in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments
84
parietal lobes
lies at top of head and toward the rear;
receives sensory input for touch and body position
85
occipital lobes
lie at back of head;
includes areas that receive info. from the visual fields
86
temporal lobes
lies roughly above the ears
auditory areas; each receives info. primarily from the opposite ear
87
motor cortex
area at rear of frontal lobes
controls voluntary movements
88
sensory cortex
area at front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations
89
association aras
not involved in primary motor / sensory functions
involved in higher mental functions such as learning remembering thinking and speaking
90
aphasia
impairment of language, caused by left hemisphre damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding)
91
Broca's area
controls language expression
directs muscle movements involved in speech
92
Wernicke's area
controls language reception
language comprehension and expression
93
plasticity
brain's ability to change
especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience
94
neurogenesis
formation of new neurons
95
corpus callosum
large band of neural fibers connecting the 2 brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them
96
split brain
results from surgery that isolates the brain's 2 hemisphres by cutting the fibers connecting them
97
consciousness
our awareness of ourselves and our environment
98
cognitive neuroscience
interdisciplinary study of brain activity linked with cognition (perception, thinking, memory, and language)
99
dual processing
principle that info. is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks
100
# reversed
tissue destruction. a naturallyor experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue
lesion
101
# reversed
an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface. measures by electrodes placed on the scalp
electroencephalogram (EEG)
102
# reversed
a series of X-ray photographs taken from diff. angles & combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body / also called a CAT scan
CT (computed tomography) scan
103
# reversed
visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task
PET (positron emission tomography) scan
104
# reversed
technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. show brain anatomy
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
105
# reversed
technique for revealing bloodflow and therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. fMRI scans show brain function
fMRI (functional MRI)
106
# reversed
oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; responsible for automatic survival functions
brainstem
107
# reversed
the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing
medulla
108
# reversed
a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal
reticular formation
109
# reversed
the brain's sensory switchboard;
located on top of the brainstem;
directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla
thalamus
110
# reversed
the "little brain" at the rear of the brainstem
processes sensory input and coordinates movement output and balance
cerebellum
111
# reversed
doughnut shaped neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres
associated with emotions and drives
limbic system
112
# reversed
2 lima bean sized neural clusters in the limbic system
linked to emotion
amygdala
113
# reversed
a neural structure lying below the thalamus
directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward
hypothalamus
114
# reversed
intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres
the body's ultimate control and information processing center
cerebral cortex
115
# reversed
cells in the nervous system that support nourish and protect neurons
glial cells
116
# reversed
lies just behind the forehead
involving in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments
frontal lobes
117
# reversed
lies at top of head and toward the rear;
receives sensory input for touch and body position
parietal lobes
118
# reversed
lie at back of head;
includes areas that receive info. from the visual fields
occipital lobes
119
# reversed
lies roughly above the ears
auditory areas; each receives info. primarily from the opposite ear
temporal lobes
120
# reversed
area at rear of frontal lobes
controls voluntary movements
motor cortex
121
# reversed
area at front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations
sensory cortex
122
# reversed
not involved in primary motor / sensory functions
involved in higher mental functions such as learning remembering thinking and speaking
association aras
123
# reversed
impairment of language, caused by left hemisphre damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding)
aphasia
124
# reversed
controls language expression
directs muscle movements involved in speech
Broca's area
125
# reversed
controls language reception
language comprehension and expression
Wernicke's area
126
# reversed
brain's ability to change
especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience
plasticity
127
# reversed
formation of new neurons
neurogenesis
128
# reversed
large band of neural fibers connecting the 2 brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them
corpus callosum
129
# reversed
results from surgery that isolates the brain's 2 hemisphres by cutting the fibers connecting them
split brain
130
# reversed
our awareness of ourselves and our environment
consciousness
131
# reversed
interdisciplinary study of brain activity linked with cognition (perception, thinking, memory, and language)
cognitive neuroscience
132
# reversed
principle that info. is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks
dual processing
