Chapter 8 Test Flashcards
instinct
complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.
drive
What motivates people to act certain ways
incentives
a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.
Arousal theory of motivation: apply
Arousal theory states that we seek an optimum level of arousal, differs from person to person.
Apply?
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
some needs are more important than others.
self-actualization
esteem
love and belonging
safety
physiological needs
insulin
a hormone produced in the pancreas by the islets of Langerhans that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. The lack of insulin causes a form of diabetes.
blood glucose
blood glucose level is the amount of glucose in the blood.Glucose is a sugar that comes from the foods we eat, and it’s also formed and stored inside the body. It’s the main source of energy for the cells of our body, and it’s carried to each cell through the bloodstream.
??? Basal metabolic rate and how it rises/falls
Influence of culture on preferences
e.g. what you grew up eating influences food cravings you have (like Bedouins eating camel eyes)
Anorexia—apply
When a person stops eating and becomes underweight (15% or more) but keeps dieting because he/she thinks they are fat.
Weight and gender discrimination
?
People dislike people because of their gender or their weight?
Genetic and environmental influences on body weight
Environmental- junk food, fast food, no physical activity, family drives everywhere
Genetic- if your parents are fat then you might be
?? Dieting and alcohol consumption
no
Sexual drive and menstrual cycles
sexual drive is peaked during the ovulation stage of the menstrual cycle
Amygdala and arousal
Amygdala is the integrative center for emotions, emotional behavior, and motivation.
Guilty knowledge test: define
a psychophysiological questioning technique that can be used as part of a polygraph examination which purports to assess whether suspects conceal “guilty knowledge” by measuring their physiological responses while responding to a series of multiple choice questions.
Zajonc’s theory of emotion
Some emotional responses occur instantly, we feel before we think
What part of the face is most emotionally expressive?
the eyes- window to the soul
Nonverbal indicators of emotion
primarily facial expressions and gestures
Lying and facial detection
most people are not very good at it, but some are quite good (usually introverts)
Carroll Izard’s theory of basic emotions
Carroll Izard identified ten primary emotions: fear, anger, shame, contempt, disgust, guilt, distress, interest, surprise, and joy—emotions that cannot be reduced to more basic emotions but that can be combined to produce other emotions.
Fear and adaptation—apply
we learn to fear injury, punishment, etc. which keeps us from hurting each other, helps us to focus,
this conditioning allows us to try our best to be safe
Evolutionary perspective—define/apply
fears like heights and snakes have been passed down from our ancestors who had to fear such things
What chemical activates amygdala neurons
serotonin
Catharsis hypothesis—define
emotional release. In psychology, the catharsis hypothesis maintains that “releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges.
Feel good do good phenomenon
When you feel good and then do something good,
example- holding the door open for someone after you just did well on a test
Adaptation level phenomenon
Our tendency to form judgements, relative to neutral level defined by our prior experience
Relative deprivation
The perception that one is worse off relative to those whom one compares oneself
Example- when you do poorly on a test when a friend does well, you feel worse off than them because they did better than you.
Behavioral medicine—define
integrates behavioral and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge with health and disease.
“tend and befriend” response
hypothesized stress response reaction that prompts humans to protect their own children, other children, people who are hurt or vulnerable, and to join humanitarian-oriented social groups that are intended to reduce human suffering. This often viewed as a type of altruism that is believed to be more associated with women, and is believed to be the reason behind the female tendency to use friendship and peaceful techniques to solve problems rather than force.
Stress moderating hormone released by cuddling
oxytocin
type a
type b
a– uptight and annoying- higher risk for heart attacks
Type B- relaxed and chill
reversed
complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.
instinct
reversed
What motivates people to act certain ways
drive
reversed
a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.
incentives
reversed
Arousal theory states that we seek an optimum level of arousal, differs from person to person.
Apply?
Arousal theory of motivation: apply
reversed
some needs are more important than others.
self-actualization
esteem
love and belonging
safety
physiological needs
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
reversed
a hormone produced in the pancreas by the islets of Langerhans that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. The lack of insulin causes a form of diabetes.
insulin
reversed
blood glucose level is the amount of glucose in the blood.Glucose is a sugar that comes from the foods we eat, and it’s also formed and stored inside the body. It’s the main source of energy for the cells of our body, and it’s carried to each cell through the bloodstream.
blood glucose
??? Basal metabolic rate and how it rises/falls
reversed
e.g. what you grew up eating influences food cravings you have (like Bedouins eating camel eyes)
Influence of culture on preferences
reversed
When a person stops eating and becomes underweight (15% or more) but keeps dieting because he/she thinks they are fat.
Anorexia—apply
reversed
?
People dislike people because of their gender or their weight?
Weight and gender discrimination
reversed
Environmental- junk food, fast food, no physical activity, family drives everywhere
Genetic- if your parents are fat then you might be
Genetic and environmental influences on body weight
reversed
no
?? Dieting and alcohol consumption
reversed
sexual drive is peaked during the ovulation stage of the menstrual cycle
Sexual drive and menstrual cycles
reversed
Amygdala is the integrative center for emotions, emotional behavior, and motivation.
Amygdala and arousal
reversed
a psychophysiological questioning technique that can be used as part of a polygraph examination which purports to assess whether suspects conceal “guilty knowledge” by measuring their physiological responses while responding to a series of multiple choice questions.
Guilty knowledge test: define
reversed
Some emotional responses occur instantly, we feel before we think
Zajonc’s theory of emotion
reversed
the eyes- window to the soul
What part of the face is most emotionally expressive?
reversed
primarily facial expressions and gestures
Nonverbal indicators of emotion
reversed
most people are not very good at it, but some are quite good (usually introverts)
Lying and facial detection
reversed
Carroll Izard identified ten primary emotions: fear, anger, shame, contempt, disgust, guilt, distress, interest, surprise, and joy—emotions that cannot be reduced to more basic emotions but that can be combined to produce other emotions.
Carroll Izard’s theory of basic emotions
reversed
we learn to fear injury, punishment, etc. which keeps us from hurting each other, helps us to focus,
this conditioning allows us to try our best to be safe
Fear and adaptation—apply
reversed
fears like heights and snakes have been passed down from our ancestors who had to fear such things
Evolutionary perspective—define/apply
reversed
serotonin
What chemical activates amygdala neurons
reversed
emotional release. In psychology, the catharsis hypothesis maintains that “releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges.
Catharsis hypothesis—define
reversed
When you feel good and then do something good,
example- holding the door open for someone after you just did well on a test
Feel good do good phenomenon
reversed
Our tendency to form judgements, relative to neutral level defined by our prior experience
Adaptation level phenomenon
reversed
The perception that one is worse off relative to those whom one compares oneself
Example- when you do poorly on a test when a friend does well, you feel worse off than them because they did better than you.
Relative deprivation
reversed
integrates behavioral and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge with health and disease.
Behavioral medicine—define
reversed
hypothesized stress response reaction that prompts humans to protect their own children, other children, people who are hurt or vulnerable, and to join humanitarian-oriented social groups that are intended to reduce human suffering. This often viewed as a type of altruism that is believed to be more associated with women, and is believed to be the reason behind the female tendency to use friendship and peaceful techniques to solve problems rather than force.
“tend and befriend” response
reversed
oxytocin
Stress moderating hormone released by cuddling
reversed
a– uptight and annoying- higher risk for heart attacks
Type B- relaxed and chill
type a
type b
