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AP Psychology > Chapter 8 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

instinct

A

complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.

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2
Q

drive

A

What motivates people to act certain ways

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3
Q

incentives

A

a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.

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4
Q

Arousal theory of motivation: apply

A

Arousal theory states that we seek an optimum level of arousal, differs from person to person.

Apply?
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5
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

some needs are more important than others.

self-actualization

esteem

love and belonging

safety

physiological needs

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6
Q

insulin

A

a hormone produced in the pancreas by the islets of Langerhans that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. The lack of insulin causes a form of diabetes.

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7
Q

blood glucose

A

blood glucose level is the amount of glucose in the blood.Glucose is a sugar that comes from the foods we eat, and it’s also formed and stored inside the body. It’s the main source of energy for the cells of our body, and it’s carried to each cell through the bloodstream.

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8
Q

??? Basal metabolic rate and how it rises/falls

A
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9
Q

Influence of culture on preferences

A

e.g. what you grew up eating influences food cravings you have (like Bedouins eating camel eyes)

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10
Q

Anorexia—apply

A

When a person stops eating and becomes underweight (15% or more) but keeps dieting because he/she thinks they are fat.

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11
Q

Weight and gender discrimination

A

?

People dislike people because of their gender or their weight?

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12
Q

Genetic and environmental influences on body weight

A

Environmental- junk food, fast food, no physical activity, family drives everywhere

Genetic- if your parents are fat then you might be
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13
Q

?? Dieting and alcohol consumption

A

no

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14
Q

Sexual drive and menstrual cycles

A

sexual drive is peaked during the ovulation stage of the menstrual cycle

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15
Q

Amygdala and arousal

A

Amygdala is the integrative center for emotions, emotional behavior, and motivation.

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16
Q

Guilty knowledge test: define

A

a psychophysiological questioning technique that can be used as part of a polygraph examination which purports to assess whether suspects conceal “guilty knowledge” by measuring their physiological responses while responding to a series of multiple choice questions.

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17
Q

Zajonc’s theory of emotion

A

Some emotional responses occur instantly, we feel before we think

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18
Q

What part of the face is most emotionally expressive?

A

the eyes- window to the soul

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19
Q

Nonverbal indicators of emotion

A

primarily facial expressions and gestures

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20
Q

Lying and facial detection

A

most people are not very good at it, but some are quite good (usually introverts)

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21
Q

Carroll Izard’s theory of basic emotions

A

Carroll Izard identified ten primary emotions: fear, anger, shame, contempt, disgust, guilt, distress, interest, surprise, and joy—emotions that cannot be reduced to more basic emotions but that can be combined to produce other emotions.

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22
Q

Fear and adaptation—apply

A

we learn to fear injury, punishment, etc. which keeps us from hurting each other, helps us to focus,

this conditioning allows us to try our best to be safe
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23
Q

Evolutionary perspective—define/apply

A

fears like heights and snakes have been passed down from our ancestors who had to fear such things

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24
Q

What chemical activates amygdala neurons

A

serotonin

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25
Q

Catharsis hypothesis—define

A

emotional release. In psychology, the catharsis hypothesis maintains that “releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges.

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26
Q

Feel good do good phenomenon

A

When you feel good and then do something good,

example- holding the door open for someone after you just did well on a test
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27
Q

Adaptation level phenomenon

A

Our tendency to form judgements, relative to neutral level defined by our prior experience

28
Q

Relative deprivation

A

The perception that one is worse off relative to those whom one compares oneself

Example- when you do poorly on a test when a friend does well, you feel worse off than them because they did better than you.

29
Q

Behavioral medicine—define

A

integrates behavioral and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge with health and disease.

30
Q

“tend and befriend” response

A

hypothesized stress response reaction that prompts humans to protect their own children, other children, people who are hurt or vulnerable, and to join humanitarian-oriented social groups that are intended to reduce human suffering. This often viewed as a type of altruism that is believed to be more associated with women, and is believed to be the reason behind the female tendency to use friendship and peaceful techniques to solve problems rather than force.

31
Q

Stress moderating hormone released by cuddling

A

oxytocin

32
Q

type a

type b

A

a– uptight and annoying- higher risk for heart attacks

Type B- relaxed and chill
33
Q
A
34
Q

reversed

complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.

A

instinct

35
Q

reversed

What motivates people to act certain ways

A

drive

36
Q

reversed

a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.

A

incentives

37
Q

reversed

Arousal theory states that we seek an optimum level of arousal, differs from person to person.

Apply?
A

Arousal theory of motivation: apply

38
Q

reversed

some needs are more important than others.

self-actualization

esteem

love and belonging

safety

physiological needs

A

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

39
Q

reversed

a hormone produced in the pancreas by the islets of Langerhans that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. The lack of insulin causes a form of diabetes.

A

insulin

40
Q

reversed

blood glucose level is the amount of glucose in the blood.Glucose is a sugar that comes from the foods we eat, and it’s also formed and stored inside the body. It’s the main source of energy for the cells of our body, and it’s carried to each cell through the bloodstream.

A

blood glucose

41
Q
A

??? Basal metabolic rate and how it rises/falls

42
Q

reversed

e.g. what you grew up eating influences food cravings you have (like Bedouins eating camel eyes)

A

Influence of culture on preferences

43
Q

reversed

When a person stops eating and becomes underweight (15% or more) but keeps dieting because he/she thinks they are fat.

A

Anorexia—apply

44
Q

reversed

?

People dislike people because of their gender or their weight?

A

Weight and gender discrimination

45
Q

reversed

Environmental- junk food, fast food, no physical activity, family drives everywhere

Genetic- if your parents are fat then you might be
A

Genetic and environmental influences on body weight

46
Q

reversed

no

A

?? Dieting and alcohol consumption

47
Q

reversed

sexual drive is peaked during the ovulation stage of the menstrual cycle

A

Sexual drive and menstrual cycles

48
Q

reversed

Amygdala is the integrative center for emotions, emotional behavior, and motivation.

A

Amygdala and arousal

49
Q

reversed

a psychophysiological questioning technique that can be used as part of a polygraph examination which purports to assess whether suspects conceal “guilty knowledge” by measuring their physiological responses while responding to a series of multiple choice questions.

A

Guilty knowledge test: define

50
Q

reversed

Some emotional responses occur instantly, we feel before we think

A

Zajonc’s theory of emotion

51
Q

reversed

the eyes- window to the soul

A

What part of the face is most emotionally expressive?

52
Q

reversed

primarily facial expressions and gestures

A

Nonverbal indicators of emotion

53
Q

reversed

most people are not very good at it, but some are quite good (usually introverts)

A

Lying and facial detection

54
Q

reversed

Carroll Izard identified ten primary emotions: fear, anger, shame, contempt, disgust, guilt, distress, interest, surprise, and joy—emotions that cannot be reduced to more basic emotions but that can be combined to produce other emotions.

A

Carroll Izard’s theory of basic emotions

55
Q

reversed

we learn to fear injury, punishment, etc. which keeps us from hurting each other, helps us to focus,

this conditioning allows us to try our best to be safe
A

Fear and adaptation—apply

56
Q

reversed

fears like heights and snakes have been passed down from our ancestors who had to fear such things

A

Evolutionary perspective—define/apply

57
Q

reversed

serotonin

A

What chemical activates amygdala neurons

58
Q

reversed

emotional release. In psychology, the catharsis hypothesis maintains that “releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges.

A

Catharsis hypothesis—define

59
Q

reversed

When you feel good and then do something good,

example- holding the door open for someone after you just did well on a test
A

Feel good do good phenomenon

60
Q

reversed

Our tendency to form judgements, relative to neutral level defined by our prior experience

A

Adaptation level phenomenon

61
Q

reversed

The perception that one is worse off relative to those whom one compares oneself

Example- when you do poorly on a test when a friend does well, you feel worse off than them because they did better than you.

A

Relative deprivation

62
Q

reversed

integrates behavioral and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge with health and disease.

A

Behavioral medicine—define

63
Q

reversed

hypothesized stress response reaction that prompts humans to protect their own children, other children, people who are hurt or vulnerable, and to join humanitarian-oriented social groups that are intended to reduce human suffering. This often viewed as a type of altruism that is believed to be more associated with women, and is believed to be the reason behind the female tendency to use friendship and peaceful techniques to solve problems rather than force.

A

“tend and befriend” response

64
Q

reversed

oxytocin

A

Stress moderating hormone released by cuddling

65
Q

reversed

a– uptight and annoying- higher risk for heart attacks

Type B- relaxed and chill
A

type a

type b

66
Q
A

AP Psychology (38 decks)

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