Chapter 11 Test

Question 1

reification and abstract concepts

Answer 1

Reification- generally refers to making something real, bringing something into being, or making something concrete.

Question 2

factor analysis

Answer 2

a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test

Question 3

Work/beliefs of Charles Spearman (G-factor)

Answer 3

The g refers to broad reasoning and problem-solving abilities.

Those who hold this view believe that intelligence can be measured and expressed by a single number, such as an IQ score.

Question 4

Gardner’s multiple intelligences and savants

Linguistic intelligence (“word smart”): (poets, authors, playwrights)

Logical-mathematical intelligence (“number/reasoning smart”): (Einstein, Newton)

Spatial intelligence (“picture smart”): (Picasso, Monet)

Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence (“body smart”): (Kieser, Michael Phelps)

Musical intelligence (“music smart”): (Bach, Justin Bieber lol jk)

Interpersonal intelligence (“people smart”): (Gandhi)

Intrapersonal intelligence (“self smart”): (Freud and other freaks)

Question 5

savant syndrome

Answer 5

person with an intellectual disability but has mastery skill in one particular field

specific skill

Question 6

sternberg’s practical intelligence

Answer 6

ability to perform everyday tasks; one can be academically intelligent but have poor practical intelligence

executives who score high on practical intelligence tests tend to make more $$ and have high performance

Question 7

Components of emotional intelligence/criticisms of emotional intelligence

Answer 7

ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

should NOT be generalized to include self-esteem or optimism

argued that it stretches intelligence too far

“Stretch intelligence to include everything and it will lose its meaning.”

Question 8

Brain size correlations and intelligence scores

Answer 8

modest correlation (.33)

Question 9

size of einstein’s brain

Answer 9

Einstein had a rather unique prefrontal cortex. His inferior portions of the primary somatosensory and motor cortices were significantly expanded in his left hemisphere. Einstein’s corpus callosum was thicker in the vast majority of subregions than the corresponding sections in the two controls.——-> more connections

Question 10

gray matter and higher intelligence

Answer 10

more gray matter generally correlates to higher intelligence

Question 11

?? intelligence and information processing - tested?

Answer 11

sure it was

Question 12

purpose behind binet’s test

Answer 12

to provide an objective standard for predicting children’s academic achievement

Question 13

mental age - binet

Answer 13

level of performance typically associated with certain chronological age

Question 14

calculating mental age

Answer 14

series of reasoning and problem-solving questions that are standardized (e.g. if most 8 year olds score similarly, that score corresponds to a mental age of 8)

Question 15

binet and eugenics

Answer 15

Alfred Binet was a French psychologist who invented the first practical intelligence test, the Binet-Simon scale. His principal goal was to identify students who needed special help in coping with the school curriculum.

Eugenics- the social movement claiming to improve the genetic features of human populations through selective breeding and sterilization

Question 16

what kind of test would a driver’s licence exam be

Answer 16

aptitude

Question 17

aptitude test

Answer 17

predict ability to learn a new particular skill

Question 18

achievement test

Answer 18

reflect what you have learned

Question 19

wais test

Answer 19

most widely used intelligence test

comprised of 11 subtests

separates scores for verbal comprehension, perceptual organization, working memory, and processing speed

makes the difference between WAIS and Stanford-Binet

allows researchers to determine cognitive strengths and weaknesses

Question 20

standardized tests - characteristics

Answer 20

Standardization- process of defining score relative to a pretested group

Question 21

what do normal curves represent

Answer 21

the probability that an individual’s score lies within a certain range (more likely to be closer to the mean

Question 22

flynn effect

Answer 22

The Flynn effect is the substantial and long-sustained increase in both fluid and crystallized intelligence test scores measured in many parts of the world from roughly 1930 to the present day.

Question 23

test reliability

Answer 23

A measure of consistency for tests and other instruments. Individuals are asked to take the test of interest and then take the same test again at a later date. The scores are then compared. The closer the scores are, the more reliable the test.

Question 24

test validity

Answer 24

Test validity helps ensure that a test is in accordance with certain professional standards to measure what it is supposed to measure. In other words, it tells us how much a test measures what it is supposed to be measuring.

Question 25

aptitude tests and student age

Answer 25

There is a relatively restricted range of aptitude test scores among students at higher educational levels.

Question 26

validity of aptitude tests and age

Answer 26

the predictive power of aptitude tests is fairly strong in the early school years, but later it weakens.

academic aptitude tests

Question 27

measures of infant intelligence

Answer 27

standard intelligence tests and casual observations

not especially accurate for newborns-3 year-olds

Question 28

intelligence testing and life span

Answer 28

people who score higher on intelligence tests tend to live longer

Question 29

criticism of programs for gifted children

Question 30

adopted children’s intelligence scores

Answer 30

if a children has been neglected or abused, his/her intelligence scores generally increase upon adoption (that is, nature < nurture)

over time, however, an adopted person’s intelligence score has little to no correlation with his/her adoptive family (nature > nurture)

Question 31

nature/nurture and intelligence scores

Answer 31

generally speaking, nature has a greater effect on intelligence scores

identical twins typically have the same/similar scores

adopted children have scores more similar to their biological parents than their adoptive

Question 32

heritability of intelligence

Answer 32

heritability is responsible for about 50% of variation in intelligence

intelligence is usually a combination of gene and environment; depends on the individual

Question 33

intelletual development and deprivation

Answer 33

deprivation limits intellectual development to an extreme extent

Question 34

male/female differences in mental abilities

Answer 34

women score higher in spelling, verbal fluency, nonverbal memory, sensation, emotion-detecting ability, and math computation

men score higher in math problem solving, spatial ability, verbal analogies, and risk-taking

men also experience greater variability in scoring

Question 35

white/black differences in aptitude scores

Answer 35

average for whites is 100, blacks is 85

could be because of socioeconomics, stereotypes

Question 36

stereotype threat example

Answer 36

This “threat” occurs when a female math student is taking a difficult math test, and the challenges she experiences with it bring to her mind negative stereotypes about female math ability.

Question 37

predictive validity examples

Answer 37

weight vs. success of football linemen