Chapter 5 Vocab Flashcards
consciousness
our awareness of ourselves and our environment
circadian rhythm
the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (i.e. of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle
REM sleep
rapid eye movement sleep
a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur
alpha waves
the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state
sleep
periodic, natural loss of consciousness - as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation
hallucinations
false sensory experiences i.e. seeing somethng in the absence of an external visual stimulus
delta waves
the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep
NREM sleep
non-rapid eye movement sleep
encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep
insomnia
recurring problems in falling or staying asleep
narcolepsy
a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks.
the sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times
sleep apnea
a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings
night terrors
a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified
unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep, within 2 or 3 hours of falling asleep and are seldom remembered
dream
a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind
hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities and incongruities
manifest content
according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content)
latent content
according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream ( as distinct from its manifest content)
REM rebound
the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep)
hypnosis
a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur
posthypnotic suggestion
a suggetion made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized
used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors
dissociation
a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others
psychoactive drug
a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods
tolerance
the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug
requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s effect
withdrawl
the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug
physical dependence
a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawl symptoms when the drug is discontinued
psychological dependence
a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions
addiction
compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences
depressants
drugs (i.e. alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions
barbiturates
drugs that depress the activity of the CNS, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment
opiates
opium and its derivates, i.e. morphine and heroin, they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety
stimulants
drugs (i.e. caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, Ecstacy, amphetamines) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions
amphetamines
drugs that stimulate neural activity
causing sped up body functions and associated energy and mood changes
methamphetamine
a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the CNS
sped up body functions and associated energy and mood changes
over time appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels
ecstasy (MDMA)
a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen
produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition
hallucinogens
psychedelic (mind-manifesting) drugs such as LSD that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
LSD
a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide)
near-death experience
an altered state of onsciousness reported after a close brush with death (i.e. through cardiac arrest) often similar to drug-induced hallucinations
THC
the major active ingredient in marijuana
triggers a variety of effects including mild hallucinations
