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Abnormal Psychology > Chapter 9 - Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 9 - Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the prevalence of schizophrenia?

A

1%

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2
Q

What is the average onset age of schizophrenia?

A

15-45 years old

**Symptoms gradual

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3
Q

What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Exaggerated/distorted behaviour

Hallucinations (auditory > visual)

Delusions

Disorganized speech and thought

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4
Q

What are the 5 common delusions?

A

Persecutory

Referential

Somatic

Religious

Grandiose

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5
Q

What is persecutory delusion?

A

Believe being pursued/targeted

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6
Q

What is referential delusion?

A

Belief that common, meaningless occurrences significant to self

Ex. news anchor talking to “me”

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7
Q

What is somatic delusion?

A

Perception of change/disturbance in personal appearance or bodily function

Ex. man believe pregnant

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8
Q

What is religious delusion?

A

Unusual religious experiences/beliefs

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9
Q

What is grandiose delusion?

A

Believe in possession of special powers and abilities

Ex. I am god

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10
Q

What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Deficits/losses in normal functioning

Avolition

Restricted effect

Anhedonia

Deterioration of proficiency

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11
Q

What is avolition?

A

Inability to initiate and persevere in activities

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12
Q

What is restricted affect?

A

Failure to convey feelings in face, tone of voice, or body language

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13
Q

What is anhedonia?

A

Lack of pleasure/reward in experiences

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14
Q

What are the motor symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Deficits in mobility

Grossly disorganized behaviour

Catatonic behaviour

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15
Q

What is grossly disorganized behaviour?

A

Difficulty with goal-directed behaviour

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16
Q

What is catatonic behaviour?

A

Reduced responsiveness to environment

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17
Q

What is wax flexibility?

A

Move body then maintain position

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18
Q

What are the DSM-5 criterion for schizophrenia?

A

Presence of 2+ symptoms for 1-month period

Social dysfunction

Persistence for 6+ months

Exclusion of substance use/medical conditions, consideration of ASD/communication disorder

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19
Q

What is substance/medication-induced psychotic disorder?

A

When symptoms occur following use/abuse of substances/medication

20
Q

What is brief psychotic disorder?

A

Key symptoms of schizophrenia lasting < 1 month

21
Q

What is schizophreniform disorder?

A

Key symptoms of schizophrenia with duration of 1-6 months

22
Q

What is delusional disorder?

A

Persistent delusions for 1+ months without other schizophrenic symptoms

23
Q

What is schizoaffective disorder?

A

Schizophrenic symptoms but concurrent with major depressive or manic episode

24
Q

What are the 2 critiques of DSM-5?

A

Relies on person’s symptoms and history

Subjectivity

25
Q

What are 4 markers of schizophrenia?

A

Vulnerability

Genetics

Endophenotypes

Eye movement

26
Q

What are the historical theories of schizophrenia?

A

Weak/primitive ego

Unable to distinguish wishes/fears from reality

“Schizophrenogenic” mother: severely rejecting mother

Collective unconscious

27
Q

What is Weinberger’s theory of schizophrenia?

A

Inherit genetic defect creating vulnerability to disorder

Maturational stresses = psychotic crisis

28
Q

What is Walker’s theory of schizophrenia?

A

“Switches” in brain turned on by stress experiences in late adolescence

Biological vulnerability = cannot cope with stress

29
Q

What is the neurodevelopmental diathesis-stress theory of schizophrenia?

A

Biological vulnerability interacts with maturation, stress, and life events causing schizophrenia

30
Q

What are the 2 biological factors of schizophrenia?

A

Family history

Environment

31
Q

What are “schizogenes”?

A

Complex multiple gene models accounting for inheritance of schizophrenia

32
Q

What are epigenetic mechanisms?

A

Processes that turn genes “on and off”

33
Q

How do pregnancy and birth contribute to schizophrenia?

A

Mother’s exposure to common viruses during pregnancy

Birth-related complications

34
Q

What are attenuated symptoms?

A

Strange beliefs/experiences

Cognitive defects

Motor problems

35
Q

What are 3 environmental factors that could increase risk of schizophrenia?

A

Traumatic childhood experiences

Marijuana use

Negative expressed emotion in family

36
Q

How is the frontal/prefrontal lobe related to schizophrenia?

A

Damage = similar symptoms to schizophrenia

Schizophrenic patients deficiency in frontal region functioning tests

37
Q

What 3 brain structural abnormalities are associated with schizophrenia?

A

Larger ventricles

Reduced grey matter volume

Cortical thinning

38
Q

What is diffusion tensor imaging?

A

Examine white matter in brain and tissues most affected by schizophrenia

39
Q

What is the dopamine hypothesis?

A

Drugs that lower dopamine levels reduce symptoms of schizophrenia

40
Q

What are the 3 “great and desperate” treatments of schizophrenia?

A

Prolonged barbiturate-induced sleep therapy

Insulin coma

Psychosurgery

41
Q

What 2 antipsychotic medications treat schizophrenia?

A

Promethazine

Chlorpromazine

42
Q

What is tardive dyskinesia?

A

Involuntary movements, side effect of long-term use of typical antipsychotics

43
Q

Atypical antipsychotics ________ activity of neurotransmitters like _________ and _________.

A

Decreases; dopamine; serotonin

44
Q

Typical antipsychotics works better for ________ symptoms whereas atypical antipsychotics works for _________ symptoms.

A

Positive; both positive and negative

45
Q

What 4 factors does CBT focus on?

A

Emotional disturbance

Psychotic symptoms

Social disabilities

Relapse

46
Q

What is cognitive remediation?

A

Target higher-level thinking skills to enhance cognitive ability

Abnormal Psychology (19 decks)

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