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Abnormal Psychology > Chapter 10 - Eating Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Eating Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What is anorexia nervosa?

A

Food restriction leading to significantly low weight, intense fear of gaining weight

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2
Q

What are the 4 factors of anorexia?

A

Food restriction

Ritualistic eating behaviours

Excessive exercise

Purging behaviours

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3
Q

Individuals with anorexia are typically in the _________ weight range.

A

Underweight

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4
Q

What is bulimia nervosa?

A

Episodes of binge eating followed by period of food restriction with compensatory behaviours (ex. vomiting)

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5
Q

What is binge-eating disorder?

A

Recurrent episodes of binge eating without compensatory behaviours, intense guilt and disgust

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6
Q

Individuals with bulimia nervosa are typically in the __________ weight range

A

Normal

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7
Q

What are the 2 types of binge eating?

A

Objective and subjective

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8
Q

What is the difference between objective and subjective binge eating?

A

Objective: eating unusually large amount of food

Subjective: eating small/normal amount of food but perceiving as large

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9
Q

In bulimia nervosa, objective binge eating is followed by…

A

Compensatory behaviours

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10
Q

Bulimia nervosa is often _________ in nature, making it hard to detect.

A

Secretive

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11
Q

What are the steps that lead to binge eating?

A

Forbidden food – pattern of avoidance – binge and purge

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12
Q

Binge eating occurs in an attempt to…

A

Escape high levels of aversive self-awareness

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13
Q

What are the alternating periods of binge-eating disorder?

A

Dieting and overeating

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14
Q

Individuals with binge-eating disorder are typically in the __________ weight range.

A

Overweight or obese

**Some normal

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15
Q

Eating disorders have the highest _____________ of all psychiatric disorders

A

Mortality rates

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16
Q

What is the mortality rate of anorexia?

A

3.6-7.6%

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17
Q

What is the mortality rate of bulimia?

A

1.1-2.4%

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18
Q

What is the mortality rate for other eating disorders?

A

1.5-5.8%

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19
Q

What is the most common cause of death from eating disorders?

A

Starvation/nutritional complications and suicide

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20
Q

Relapse rates are high for…

A

Anorexia and bulimia

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21
Q

What are the 2 types of anorexia?

A

Restricting and binge-eating/purging

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22
Q

To diagnose bulimia, episodes of binge eating and compensatory behaviours occur at least _____ time(s) per _____ for _______.

A

1; week; 3 months

23
Q

What are the 5 features associated with binge-eating episodes?

A

Rapid

Uncomfortably full

Large amounts

Alone, embarrassment

Feelings disgusted, guilty afterwards

24
Q

To diagnose binge eating, episodes occur at least ______ time(s) per _______ for _______.

A

1; week; 3 months

25
Q

What is considered “unspecified” eating disorders?

A

Clinically severe eating disorders that do not meet criteria for anorexia, bulimia, or BED

26
Q

What is purging disorder?

A

Use of compensatory behaviours in absence of binge eating by those in normal weight range

27
Q

What is night-eating syndrome?

A

Repeated nocturnal eating causing significant distress

28
Q

What are the 3 differential diagnoses of eating disorders?

A

Rule out other symptom-causing symptoms

Rule out MDD

Cannot have more than one eating disorder

29
Q

What are the physical complications of anorexia?

A

Lanugo

Amenorrhea

Impaired renal and cardiac functioning

30
Q

What is lanugo?

A

Fine, soft hair

31
Q

What is amenorrhea?

A

Absence of 3 consecutive menstrual periods

32
Q

What are the 4 physical complications of bulimia and binge-eating subtype?

A

Dental problems

Russel’s sign

Electrolyte imbalance

Problems with cardiovascular and renal functioning

33
Q

What are Russell’s signs?

A

Scrapes, callouses on backs of hands or knuckles

34
Q

What are the 3 physical complications of BED?

A

Elevated risk of type II diabetes

Cardiovascular disease

Sleep apnea

35
Q

What are the 5 psychological complications of eating disorders?

A

Reduced quality of life

Poor social relationships

Difficulties concentrating

Increase in irritability

Comorbid substance abuse

36
Q

Relatives with eating disorders make an individual ________ more susceptible to anorexia.

A

4.5x

37
Q

Anorexia is associated with reduced ________.

A

Serotonin activity

38
Q

How do sociocultural factors affect eating disorders?

A

Societal expectations

39
Q

It is ideal for women to __________ and ideal for men to ___________.

A

Get thinner; more muscular

40
Q

What are 3 family factors contributing to eating disorders?

A

Parental attitudes/expectations

Genetic inheritance

Modelling

41
Q

What personality traits contribute to BOTH anorexia and bulimia?

A

Perfectionism, obsessiveness, avoidance, neuroticism, negative emotionality

42
Q

What personality traits contribute to anorexia?

A

Constraint, preservation, rigidity, low levels of novelty seeking

43
Q

What personality traits contribute to bulimia?

A

Impulsivity, novelty/sensation seeking, overlaps with borderline personality disorder

44
Q

What are 3 individual risk factors for eating disorders?

A

Low self-esteem, depression, identity problems

45
Q

Eating disorders most likely to appear around the time of __________.

A

Puberty

46
Q

What adverse events contribute to eating disorders?

A

Trauma, sexual abuse, childhood maltreatment

47
Q

Bulimia is developed and maintained due to an interaction of _____________.

A

Risk and maintenance factors

48
Q

Antidepressants can be used to treat…

A

Bulimia

49
Q

What are the 3 stages of CBT for bulimia?

A

Stage 1: establish regular pattern of eating

Stage 2: normalize eating, eliminate dieting

Stage 3: strategies for maintaining change and preventing relapse

50
Q

What is transdiagnostic theory?

A

Anorexia, bulimia, and BED have similar underlying and maintaining processes

51
Q

What does nutritional therapy and meal support offer?

A

Restoring body weight

Reduce eating-related rituals

Nutritional counselling

52
Q

What is the Maudsley approach of family therapy?

A

Recruit parents to actively engage in managing patient’s weight gain and eating

Family therapy results > individual therapy

53
Q

What are preventions of eating disorders?

A

Healthy schools, healthy kids

Disseminate information on EDs

CBT to reduce self/body dissatisfaction

Abnormal Psychology (19 decks)

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