Chapter 10 - Eating Disorders Flashcards
What is anorexia nervosa?
Food restriction leading to significantly low weight, intense fear of gaining weight
What are the 4 factors of anorexia?
Food restriction
Ritualistic eating behaviours
Excessive exercise
Purging behaviours
Individuals with anorexia are typically in the _________ weight range.
Underweight
What is bulimia nervosa?
Episodes of binge eating followed by period of food restriction with compensatory behaviours (ex. vomiting)
What is binge-eating disorder?
Recurrent episodes of binge eating without compensatory behaviours, intense guilt and disgust
Individuals with bulimia nervosa are typically in the __________ weight range
Normal
What are the 2 types of binge eating?
Objective and subjective
What is the difference between objective and subjective binge eating?
Objective: eating unusually large amount of food
Subjective: eating small/normal amount of food but perceiving as large
In bulimia nervosa, objective binge eating is followed by…
Compensatory behaviours
Bulimia nervosa is often _________ in nature, making it hard to detect.
Secretive
What are the steps that lead to binge eating?
Forbidden food – pattern of avoidance – binge and purge
Binge eating occurs in an attempt to…
Escape high levels of aversive self-awareness
What are the alternating periods of binge-eating disorder?
Dieting and overeating
Individuals with binge-eating disorder are typically in the __________ weight range.
Overweight or obese
**Some normal
Eating disorders have the highest _____________ of all psychiatric disorders
Mortality rates
What is the mortality rate of anorexia?
3.6-7.6%
What is the mortality rate of bulimia?
1.1-2.4%
What is the mortality rate for other eating disorders?
1.5-5.8%
What is the most common cause of death from eating disorders?
Starvation/nutritional complications and suicide
Relapse rates are high for…
Anorexia and bulimia
What are the 2 types of anorexia?
Restricting and binge-eating/purging
To diagnose bulimia, episodes of binge eating and compensatory behaviours occur at least _____ time(s) per _____ for _______.
1; week; 3 months
What are the 5 features associated with binge-eating episodes?
Rapid
Uncomfortably full
Large amounts
Alone, embarrassment
Feelings disgusted, guilty afterwards
To diagnose binge eating, episodes occur at least ______ time(s) per _______ for _______.
1; week; 3 months
What is considered “unspecified” eating disorders?
Clinically severe eating disorders that do not meet criteria for anorexia, bulimia, or BED
What is purging disorder?
Use of compensatory behaviours in absence of binge eating by those in normal weight range
What is night-eating syndrome?
Repeated nocturnal eating causing significant distress
What are the 3 differential diagnoses of eating disorders?
Rule out other symptom-causing symptoms
Rule out MDD
Cannot have more than one eating disorder
What are the physical complications of anorexia?
Lanugo
Amenorrhea
Impaired renal and cardiac functioning
What is lanugo?
Fine, soft hair
What is amenorrhea?
Absence of 3 consecutive menstrual periods
What are the 4 physical complications of bulimia and binge-eating subtype?
Dental problems
Russel’s sign
Electrolyte imbalance
Problems with cardiovascular and renal functioning
What are Russell’s signs?
Scrapes, callouses on backs of hands or knuckles
What are the 3 physical complications of BED?
Elevated risk of type II diabetes
Cardiovascular disease
Sleep apnea
What are the 5 psychological complications of eating disorders?
Reduced quality of life
Poor social relationships
Difficulties concentrating
Increase in irritability
Comorbid substance abuse
Relatives with eating disorders make an individual ________ more susceptible to anorexia.
4.5x
Anorexia is associated with reduced ________.
Serotonin activity
How do sociocultural factors affect eating disorders?
Societal expectations
It is ideal for women to __________ and ideal for men to ___________.
Get thinner; more muscular
What are 3 family factors contributing to eating disorders?
Parental attitudes/expectations
Genetic inheritance
Modelling
What personality traits contribute to BOTH anorexia and bulimia?
Perfectionism, obsessiveness, avoidance, neuroticism, negative emotionality
What personality traits contribute to anorexia?
Constraint, preservation, rigidity, low levels of novelty seeking
What personality traits contribute to bulimia?
Impulsivity, novelty/sensation seeking, overlaps with borderline personality disorder
What are 3 individual risk factors for eating disorders?
Low self-esteem, depression, identity problems
Eating disorders most likely to appear around the time of __________.
Puberty
What adverse events contribute to eating disorders?
Trauma, sexual abuse, childhood maltreatment
Bulimia is developed and maintained due to an interaction of _____________.
Risk and maintenance factors
Antidepressants can be used to treat…
Bulimia
What are the 3 stages of CBT for bulimia?
Stage 1: establish regular pattern of eating
Stage 2: normalize eating, eliminate dieting
Stage 3: strategies for maintaining change and preventing relapse
What is transdiagnostic theory?
Anorexia, bulimia, and BED have similar underlying and maintaining processes
What does nutritional therapy and meal support offer?
Restoring body weight
Reduce eating-related rituals
Nutritional counselling
What is the Maudsley approach of family therapy?
Recruit parents to actively engage in managing patient’s weight gain and eating
Family therapy results > individual therapy
What are preventions of eating disorders?
Healthy schools, healthy kids
Disseminate information on EDs
CBT to reduce self/body dissatisfaction
