Chapter 9: Muscle Tissue and Cells

Question 1

3 Types of muscle tissue

Answer 1

Skeletal

Cardiac

Smooth

Question 2

packaged into skeletal muscles: organs that are attached to the bones and skin

contains: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, nervous tissue, muscle tissue

Answer 2

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Question 3

multinucleate cells

voluntary muscle

contract rapidly; tire quickly; powerful

are the longest of all muscles and have striations (stripes)

keywords: skeletal, striated, voluntary

Answer 3

Skeletal Muscle Fibers

Question 4

striated

involuntary

makes up the bulk of heart walls

keywords: cardiac, striated, involuntary

Answer 4

Cardiac Muscle

Question 5

found in the walls of hollow organs

ex: stomach, urinary bladder, airways

not striated

involuntary: can also contract on its own without nervous system stimulation

Answer 5

Smooth Muscle

Question 6

4 main characteristics of muscles

Answer 6

Excitability

Contractibility

Extendability

Elasticity

Question 7

Important functions of muscles

Answer 7

Movement

Posture

Extendability

Elasticity

Question 8

attach muscle to bone

Answer 8

Tendons

Question 9

attach bone to bone

Answer 9

Ligaments

Question 10

connective tissue layer surrounding the entire muscle

Answer 10

Epimysium

Question 11

Wraps the fascicle

Answer 11

Perimysium

Question 12

Wraps individual muscle cells

Answer 12

Endomysium

Question 13

Bundles of muscle fibers

Answer 13

Fascicles

Question 14

individual muscle cells

Answer 14

Muscle fibers

Question 15

Attachment to the movable bone

Answer 15

Insertion

Question 16

attachment to immovable or less moveable bone

Answer 16

Origin

Question 17

epimysium fused to the periosteum of bone or perichondrium of cartilage

Answer 17

Direct (fleshy) attachment

Question 18

connective tissue wrappings extend beyond muscle as rope-like tendon or sheet-like aponeurosis (big broad flat tendon)

Answer 18

Indirect

Question 19

muscle fiber plasma membrane

Answer 19

Sarcolemma

Question 20

muscle fiber cytoplasm

contains: glycosomes (for glycogen storage) and myoglobin (for O2 storage)

Answer 20

Sarcoplasm

Question 21

The modified organelles of a muscle cell

Answer 21

Myofibrils

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

T tubules

Question 22

stripes formed from a repeating series of dark and light bands along length of each myofibril

Answer 22

Striations

Question 23

the dark region consisting of organized overlapping actin and myosin filaments

Answer 23

A bands

Question 24

the band that consists of thick bands only

in the A band

Answer 24

H zone

Question 25

line of protein (myomesin) that bisects H zone vertically

Answer 25

M line

Question 26

light regions of the sarcomere that consists of actin (thin) filaments

Answer 26

I bands

Question 27

coin-shaped sheet of proteins on the midline of light I band

Answer 27

Z disc (line)

Question 28

elastic myofilaments

Answer 28

Titin

Question 29

Thin myofilaments

Answer 29

Actin

Question 30

Thick myofilaments

Answer 30

Myosin

Question 31

Thick filaments consist of

Answer 31

myosin heads

myosin tails

actin binding sites

atp binding sites

Question 32

Thin filaments consist of

Answer 32

regular proteins:

tropomyosin and troponin

actin

Question 33

do the act of contracting

Answer 33

Actin and Myosin

Question 34

Controls and manages contractions

Answer 34

Tropomyosin Troponin

Question 35

Function in the regulation of intercellular Ca 2+ levels

Stores and releases Ca 2+

Network of smooth ER tubules surrounding each myofibril

Answer 35

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Question 36

Allows for electrical nerve transmissions to reach deep into interior of each muscle fiber

tube formed by protrusion of sarcolemma deep into cell interior

Answer 36

T tubule