Chapter 4: Connective Tissue

Question 1

What are the 4 main classes of connective tissue?

Answer 1

Connective tissue proper
Cartilage
Bone
Blood

Question 2

What are the 3 main elements?

Answer 2

Fibers
Ground substance
Cells

Question 3

What are the 3 types of fibers?

Answer 3

Collagen
Elastin
Reticular

Question 4

Where do connective tissue arise from?

Answer 4

Mesenchyme

Question 5

Is cartilage tissue vascular?

Answer 5

No

Question 6

Is dense connective tissue vascular?

Answer 6

Poorly

Question 7

What is ground substance?

Answer 7

The unstructured material that fills the space between the cells and contains the fibers

Question 8

What is ground substance composed of?

Answer 8

Interstitial fluid
Cell adhesion proteins
proteoglycans

Question 9

A fibrous protein. Secreted into the extracellular space where they assemble in cross-linked fibrils.

Answer 9

Collagen fibers

Question 10

Long, thin, elastic fibers form branching networks in the extracellular matrix. A rubberlike protein that allows stretch and recoil

Answer 10

Elastic fibers

Question 11

Short, fine, collegenous fibers. Surround small blood vessels and support soft titssue of organs. They form fuzzy “nets” and have more give than collagen fibers.

Answer 11

Reticular fiberes

Question 12

Blast cells

Answer 12

Connective tissue proper: fibroblast
Cartilage: chondroblast
Bone: osteoblast

Question 13

Bone blast cell

Answer 13

osteoblast

Question 14

Cartilage blast cell

Answer 14

chondroblast

Question 15

Connective tissue proper cell blast

Answer 15

fibroblast

Question 16

Which cells maintain the health of the matrix?

Answer 16

Cyte cells

Question 17

These cells secrete the ground substance and the fibers characteristic o their particular matrix

Answer 17

Blast cells

Question 18

Connective tissue also house

Answer 18

Fat cells
White blood cells
Mast Cells
Macrophages

Question 19

Store nutrients

Answer 19

Adipocytes (fat cells)

Question 20

Concerned with tissue response to injury

Answer 20

White blood cells

Question 21

Types of white blood cells

Answer 21

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Lymphocytes

Question 22

Typically cluster among blood vessels. Detect foreign microorganisms and initiate local inflammatory responses

Answer 22

Mast Cells

Question 23

What chemicals mediate inflammation?

Answer 23

Heparin {anticoagulant)
Histamine (a substance that makes capillaries leak)
Proteases (protein degrading enzymes)
Other enzymes

Question 24

Types of connective tissue

Answer 24

Connective tissue proper: loose and dense

Question 25

Mesenchyme

Answer 25

A common embryonic tissue

Question 26

Types of loose connective tissue

Answer 26

Areolar Adipose Reticular

Question 27

Types of dense tissue

Answer 27

Dense regular Dense irregular Elastic

Question 28

Supports and binds other tissue Holds body fluids Defends against infections Stores nutrients as fat

Answer 28

Areolar connective tissue

Question 29

Flat branching cells that appear spindle shaped (elongated) in profile

Answer 29

Fibroblasts

Question 30

large, irregularly shaped cells that avidly devour a broad variety of foreign materials, ranging from foreign materials to entire bacteria to dust particles

Answer 30

Macrophages

Question 31

Wraps and cushions organs; its macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid Contain all fiber types fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and some white blood cells.

Answer 31

Loose connective tissue, Areolar

Question 32

Provides reserve food fuel; insulates against heat loss; supports and protects organs Closely packed adipocytes (fat cells), nucleus pushed to the side by fat droplet

Answer 32

Loose connective tissue, Adipose

Question 33

Where is areolar tissue located?

Answer 33

Mucous membranes Surrounds capillaries Packages organs

Question 34

Where is adipose tissue found?

Answer 34

Around kidneys and eyeballs In breasts Within abdomen

Question 35

Fibers form a soft internal skeleton (stroma) that supports other cell types including white blood cells, mast cells, and macrophages. Loose network of reticular fibers in a gel-like ground substance; reticular cells lie on the network.

Answer 35

Loose connective tissue, Reticular

Question 36

Where is reticular tissue found?

Answer 36

Lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen)

Question 37

Attaches muscles to bones, bones to bones, withstands great tensile stress Contains closely packed bundles of collagen fibers running in the same direction of pull

Answer 37

Dense regular connective tissue

Question 38

Withstands tension exerted in many directions; provides structural strength Contains much thicker bundles of collagen fibers and are arranged irregularly

Answer 38

Dense irregular connective tissue

Question 39

Where is dense regular tissue found in?

Answer 39

Tendonds, most ligaments, aponeuroses

Question 40

Where is dense irregular tissue found in?

Answer 40

Capsules of organs and joints | The dermis of the skin

Question 41

Allows tissue to recoil after stretching; maintains the flow of blood through arteries aids passive recoil of lungs following inspiration Dense tissue containing high proportion of ____ fibers that allow stretching

Answer 41

Dense connective tissue; Elastic

Question 42

Stands up to both tension and compression Lacks nerve fibers and is avascular

Answer 42

Cartilage

Question 43

Predominant cell type in growing cartilage

Answer 43

Chondroblasts

Question 44

Most abundant type of cartilage. Contains a lot of collagen fibers and appears glassy

Answer 44

Hyaline cartilage

Question 45

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

Answer 45

Covers the ends of long bones in joint cavities | Cartilage of the nose

Question 46

Nearly identical to hyaline cartilage but containes more elastic fibers. Maintains the shape of the structure while allowing great flexibility.

Answer 46

Elastic cartilage

Question 47

Where is elastic cartilage found?

Answer 47

External ear; epiglottis

Question 48

Tensile strength allows it to absorb compressive shock Similar to but less firm than hyaline cartilage

Answer 48

Fibrocartilage

Question 49

Where can fibrocartilage be found?

Answer 49

Intervertebral discs | Disc of knee joints

Question 50

Supports and protects, stores calcium and other minerals and fat Hard, calcified matric containing collagen fibers. Very well vascularized

Answer 50

Bones (osseous tissue)

Question 51

Trasports respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes Red and while bloods cells in a fluid matric (plasma)

Answer 51

Connective tissue: blood