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Human Anatomy and Physiology I > Chapter 4: Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main classes of connective tissue?

A

Connective tissue proper
Cartilage
Bone
Blood

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2
Q

What are the 3 main elements?

A

Fibers
Ground substance
Cells

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of fibers?

A

Collagen
Elastin
Reticular

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4
Q

Where do connective tissue arise from?

A

Mesenchyme

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5
Q

Is cartilage tissue vascular?

A

No

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6
Q

Is dense connective tissue vascular?

A

Poorly

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7
Q

What is ground substance?

A

The unstructured material that fills the space between the cells and contains the fibers

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8
Q

What is ground substance composed of?

A

Interstitial fluid
Cell adhesion proteins
proteoglycans

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9
Q

A fibrous protein. Secreted into the extracellular space where they assemble in cross-linked fibrils.

A

Collagen fibers

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10
Q

Long, thin, elastic fibers form branching networks in the extracellular matrix. A rubberlike protein that allows stretch and recoil

A

Elastic fibers

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11
Q

Short, fine, collegenous fibers. Surround small blood vessels and support soft titssue of organs. They form fuzzy “nets” and have more give than collagen fibers.

A

Reticular fiberes

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12
Q

Blast cells

A

Connective tissue proper: fibroblast
Cartilage: chondroblast
Bone: osteoblast

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13
Q

Bone blast cell

A

osteoblast

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14
Q

Cartilage blast cell

A

chondroblast

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15
Q

Connective tissue proper cell blast

A

fibroblast

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16
Q

Which cells maintain the health of the matrix?

A

Cyte cells

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17
Q

These cells secrete the ground substance and the fibers characteristic o their particular matrix

A

Blast cells

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18
Q

Connective tissue also house

A

Fat cells
White blood cells
Mast Cells
Macrophages

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19
Q

Store nutrients

A

Adipocytes (fat cells)

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20
Q

Concerned with tissue response to injury

A

White blood cells

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21
Q

Types of white blood cells

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Lymphocytes

22
Q

Typically cluster among blood vessels. Detect foreign microorganisms and initiate local inflammatory responses

A

Mast Cells

23
Q

What chemicals mediate inflammation?

A

Heparin {anticoagulant)
Histamine (a substance that makes capillaries leak)
Proteases (protein degrading enzymes)
Other enzymes

24
Q

Types of connective tissue

A

Connective tissue proper: loose and dense

25
Q

Mesenchyme

A

A common embryonic tissue

26
Q

Types of loose connective tissue

A

Areolar
Adipose
Reticular

27
Q

Types of dense tissue

A

Dense regular
Dense irregular
Elastic

28
Q

Supports and binds other tissue
Holds body fluids
Defends against infections
Stores nutrients as fat

A

Areolar connective tissue

29
Q

Flat branching cells that appear spindle shaped (elongated) in profile

A

Fibroblasts

30
Q

large, irregularly shaped cells that avidly devour a broad variety of foreign materials, ranging from foreign materials to entire bacteria to dust particles

A

Macrophages

31
Q

Wraps and cushions organs; its macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid

Contain all fiber types fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and some white blood cells.

A

Loose connective tissue, Areolar

32
Q

Provides reserve food fuel; insulates against heat loss; supports and protects organs

Closely packed adipocytes (fat cells), nucleus pushed to the side by fat droplet

A

Loose connective tissue, Adipose

33
Q

Where is areolar tissue located?

A

Mucous membranes
Surrounds capillaries
Packages organs

34
Q

Where is adipose tissue found?

A

Around kidneys and eyeballs
In breasts
Within abdomen

35
Q

Fibers form a soft internal skeleton (stroma) that supports other cell types including white blood cells, mast cells, and macrophages.

Loose network of reticular fibers in a gel-like ground substance; reticular cells lie on the network.

A

Loose connective tissue, Reticular

36
Q

Where is reticular tissue found?

A

Lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen)

37
Q

Attaches muscles to bones, bones to bones, withstands great tensile stress

Contains closely packed bundles of collagen fibers running in the same direction of pull

A

Dense regular connective tissue

38
Q

Withstands tension exerted in many directions; provides structural strength

Contains much thicker bundles of collagen fibers and are arranged irregularly

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

39
Q

Where is dense regular tissue found in?

A

Tendonds, most ligaments, aponeuroses

40
Q

Where is dense irregular tissue found in?

A

Capsules of organs and joints

The dermis of the skin

41
Q

Allows tissue to recoil after stretching; maintains the flow of blood through arteries aids passive recoil of lungs following inspiration

Dense tissue containing high proportion of ____ fibers that allow stretching

A

Dense connective tissue; Elastic

42
Q

Stands up to both tension and compression

Lacks nerve fibers and is avascular

A

Cartilage

43
Q

Predominant cell type in growing cartilage

A

Chondroblasts

44
Q

Most abundant type of cartilage. Contains a lot of collagen fibers and appears glassy

A

Hyaline cartilage

45
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

A

Covers the ends of long bones in joint cavities

Cartilage of the nose

46
Q

Nearly identical to hyaline cartilage but containes more elastic fibers. Maintains the shape of the structure while allowing great flexibility.

A

Elastic cartilage

47
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found?

A

External ear; epiglottis

48
Q

Tensile strength allows it to absorb compressive shock

Similar to but less firm than hyaline cartilage

A

Fibrocartilage

49
Q

Where can fibrocartilage be found?

A

Intervertebral discs

Disc of knee joints

50
Q

Supports and protects, stores calcium and other minerals and fat

Hard, calcified matric containing collagen fibers. Very well vascularized

A

Bones (osseous tissue)

51
Q

Trasports respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes

Red and while bloods cells in a fluid matric (plasma)

A

Connective tissue: blood

Human Anatomy and Physiology I (13 decks)

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