Chapter 8: Joints

Question 1

Joints are also called

Answer 1

Articulations

Question 2

3 types of structural joints

Answer 2

fibrous

cartilaginous

synovial

Question 3

3 types of joint functions

Answer 3

synarthroses

amphiarthroses

diarthroses

Question 4

immovable joints

Answer 4

synarthroses

Question 5

slightly movable joints

Answer 5

amphiarthroses

Question 6

freely movable joints

Answer 6

diarthroses

Question 7

seems of very short connective tissue fibers that are continuous with the periosteum

Answer 7

sutures

Question 8

the 3 types of fibrous joints

Answer 8

sutures

syndesmoses

gomphoses

Question 9

longer fibrous tissues holding it together

ex: joints help together by a ligament

Answer 9

syndesmoses

Question 10

peg in socket fibrous joint

ex: periodontal ligaments

Answer 10

gomphoses

Question 11

have no joint cavity

not highly movable

Answer 11

cartilaginous joints

Question 12

2 types of cartilaginous joints

Answer 12

syncondroses

symphyses

Question 13

bones separated by fluid filled joint cavity

all are diarthrosis (freely movable)

include almost all limb joints

Answer 13

synovial joints

Question 14

6 general features of synovial joints

Answer 14

articular cartilage

joint cavity

articular capsules: fibrous layer and synovial membrane

synovial fluid

reinforcing ligaments

nerves and blood vessels

Question 15

improve the fit between articulating bones, making the joint more stable and minimizing wear and tear on joints sufaces

also called menisci

Answer 15

articular disc

Question 16

Bags of synovial fluid that act as lubricating “ball bearing”

Answer 16

bursae

tendon sheaths

Question 17

3 factors that determine stability:

Answer 17

shape of articular surface (minor role)

ligament number and location (limited role)

muscle tone keeps tendons taut as they cross joints (most important)

Question 18

shallow surfaces are less stable than ball nad socket

Answer 18

Stability factor: shape of articulate surface

Question 19

the more ligaments, the stronger

Answer 19

Stability factor: ligament number and location

Question 20

keeps tendons taut as the cross joints (most important)

Answer 20

Muscle tone

Question 21

Movements allow by synovial joints

Answer 21

origin: attachment to immovable bone (proximal)
insertion: attachment to movable bone (distal)

Question 22

Non-axial: slipping movements only

Unaxial: movement in one plane

Biaxial: movement in two planes

Multiaxial: movement in or around all three planes

Answer 22

Ranges of motion

Question 23

3 general types of movements

Answer 23

gliding

angular movements

rotation

Question 24

Angular movements

increase or decrease in angle between 2 bones

Answer 24

flexion

extension

hyperextension

abduction

adduction

circumduction

Question 25

movement of the wrist ex: intercarpal joints, intertarsal joints, between the articular process of vertebra

Answer 25

Gliding movement

Question 26

turning of the bone around its own axis

Answer 26

Rotation

Question 27

Special movement: palms face anteriorly palms face posteriorly

Answer 27

supination pronotian

Question 28

Special movement: bending foot toward the shin pointing toes

Answer 28

dorsiflexion planter flexion

Question 29

Special movement: sole of foot faces medially sole of foot faces laterally

Answer 29

Inversion Eversion

Question 30

Special movement: mandible juts out the mandible is pulled toward the neck

Answer 30

protraction retraction

Question 31

Special movement: up off the shoulder down of the shoulder

Answer 31

Elevation Depression

Question 32

Special movement: movement that makes our hands such fine tools for grasping

Answer 32

oppositional

Question 33

connections from bone to bone

Answer 33

ligaments

Question 34

connections from muscle to bone

Answer 34

tendons

Question 35

5 main synovial joints

Answer 35

knee shoulder elbow hip jaw

Question 36

glenoid labrum coracohumeral ligament glenohumeral ligament coracocromial ligament

Answer 36

Important should structures

Question 37

rim of fibrocartilage that surrounds the glenoid cavity

Answer 37

glenoid labrum

Question 38

only strong thickening of the capsule that supports the weight of the upper limb goes from coracoid process to the head of the humerus shoulder

Answer 38

coracohumeral ligament

Question 39

only strong thickening of the capsule that supports the weight of the upper limb goes from coracoid process to the head of the humerus shoulder

Answer 39

coracohumeral ligament

Question 40

strengthens the front of the capsule but are weak and may even be asbent goes from glenoid cavity to the humerus shoulder

Answer 40

glenohumeral ligaments

Question 41

strengthens the front of the capsule but are weak and may even be asbent goes from glenoid cavity to the humerus shoulder

Answer 41

glenohumeral ligaments

Question 42

goes across the acromion and coracoid shoulder

Answer 42

coracoacromial ligament

Question 43

attaches to the clavicle

Answer 43

Acromioclavicular

Question 44

attaches to the clavicle

Answer 44

Acromioclavicular

Question 45

goes across the acromion and coracoid shoulder

Answer 45

coracoacromial ligament

Question 46

the 4 rotator cuff tendons in the shoulder

Answer 46

subscapularis supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor

Question 47

the 2 capsular ligaments that restrict side-to-side movement in the elbow

Answer 47

ulnar collateral ligament radial collateral ligament

Question 48

surrounds the head of the radius elbow

Answer 48

anular ligament

Question 49

rim of fibrocartilage that enhances the depth of socket hip

Answer 49

acetabular labrum

Question 50

can be seen anteriorly and posteriorly in between greater trochanter and anterior inferior iliac spine

Answer 50

iliofemoral ligament

Question 51

can be seen anteriorly and posteriorly in between greater trochanter and anterior inferior iliac spine

Answer 51

iliofemoral ligament

Question 52

seen more on the posterior side

Answer 52

ischiofemoral ligament

Question 53

seen anteriorly connects lesser trochanter to the superior ramus of pubis

Answer 53

pubofemoral ligament

Question 54

intrascapular band that runs from the femur head to the lower lip of the acetabulum

Answer 54

ligament head of the femur

Question 55

Mandible has 2 types of movement

Answer 55

hinge: depression and elevation gliding: side-to-side movement

Question 56

- due to compression or sheeth stress - cartilage rarely repairs itself - repared with arthroscopic surgery

Answer 56

Cartilage tears

Question 57

- reinforcing ligaments are stretched or torn - common in ankle, knee, lumber region of the back - partial tears repair very slowly because of poor vascularization

Answer 57

Sprains

Question 58

swelling of bursae

Answer 58

bursitis

Question 59

swelling of tendon

Answer 59

tendinitis

Question 60

pain, stiffness, and swelling of joints

Answer 60

arthritis

Question 61

chronic forms or arthritis

Answer 61

osteoarthritis (wear and tear) rheumatoid arthritis (auto immune) routy

Question 62

Plane: flat articular surface gliding, non-axial movement occurs

Answer 62

Type of synovial joint

Question 63

between a cylinder and trough uniaxial movement of flexion and extension

Answer 63

Hinge

Question 64

sleeve (bone) axis (joint) rotates in a uniaxial movement

Answer 64

Pivot

Question 65

biaxial movement between oval and articular surfaces ex: condylar joint

Answer 65

condylar joint

Question 66

between concave and convex

Answer 66

Saddle

Question 67

allows for multiaxial movement ex: shoulder

Answer 67

Ball and socket