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Human Anatomy and Physiology I > Chapter 8: Joints > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Joints are also called

A

Articulations

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2
Q

3 types of structural joints

A

fibrous

cartilaginous

synovial

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3
Q

3 types of joint functions

A

synarthroses

amphiarthroses

diarthroses

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4
Q

immovable joints

A

synarthroses

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5
Q

slightly movable joints

A

amphiarthroses

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6
Q

freely movable joints

A

diarthroses

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7
Q

seems of very short connective tissue fibers that are continuous with the periosteum

A

sutures

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8
Q

the 3 types of fibrous joints

A

sutures

syndesmoses

gomphoses

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9
Q

longer fibrous tissues holding it together

ex: joints help together by a ligament

A

syndesmoses

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10
Q

peg in socket fibrous joint

ex: periodontal ligaments

A

gomphoses

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11
Q

have no joint cavity

not highly movable

A

cartilaginous joints

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12
Q

2 types of cartilaginous joints

A

syncondroses

symphyses

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13
Q

bones separated by fluid filled joint cavity

all are diarthrosis (freely movable)

include almost all limb joints

A

synovial joints

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14
Q

6 general features of synovial joints

A

articular cartilage

joint cavity

articular capsules: fibrous layer and synovial membrane

synovial fluid

reinforcing ligaments

nerves and blood vessels

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15
Q

improve the fit between articulating bones, making the joint more stable and minimizing wear and tear on joints sufaces

also called menisci

A

articular disc

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16
Q

Bags of synovial fluid that act as lubricating “ball bearing”

A

bursae

tendon sheaths

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17
Q

3 factors that determine stability:

A

shape of articular surface (minor role)

ligament number and location (limited role)

muscle tone keeps tendons taut as they cross joints (most important)

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18
Q

shallow surfaces are less stable than ball nad socket

A

Stability factor: shape of articulate surface

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19
Q

the more ligaments, the stronger

A

Stability factor: ligament number and location

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20
Q

keeps tendons taut as the cross joints (most important)

A

Muscle tone

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21
Q

Movements allow by synovial joints

A

origin: attachment to immovable bone (proximal)
insertion: attachment to movable bone (distal)

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22
Q

Non-axial: slipping movements only

Unaxial: movement in one plane

Biaxial: movement in two planes

Multiaxial: movement in or around all three planes

A

Ranges of motion

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23
Q

3 general types of movements

A

gliding

angular movements

rotation

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24
Q

Angular movements

increase or decrease in angle between 2 bones

A

flexion

extension

hyperextension

abduction

adduction

circumduction

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25
Q

movement of the wrist

ex: intercarpal joints, intertarsal joints, between the articular process of vertebra

A

Gliding movement

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26
Q

turning of the bone around its own axis

A

Rotation

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27
Q

Special movement:

palms face anteriorly

palms face posteriorly

A

supination

pronotian

28
Q

Special movement:

bending foot toward the shin

pointing toes

A

dorsiflexion

planter flexion

29
Q

Special movement:

sole of foot faces medially

sole of foot faces laterally

A

Inversion

Eversion

30
Q

Special movement:

mandible juts out

the mandible is pulled toward the neck

A

protraction

retraction

31
Q

Special movement:

up off the shoulder

down of the shoulder

A

Elevation

Depression

32
Q

Special movement: movement that makes our hands such fine tools for grasping

A

oppositional

33
Q

connections from bone to bone

A

ligaments

34
Q

connections from muscle to bone

A

tendons

35
Q

5 main synovial joints

A

knee

shoulder

elbow

hip

jaw

36
Q

glenoid labrum

coracohumeral ligament

glenohumeral ligament

coracocromial ligament

A

Important should structures

37
Q

rim of fibrocartilage that surrounds the glenoid cavity

A

glenoid labrum

38
Q

only strong thickening of the capsule that supports the weight of the upper limb

goes from coracoid process to the head of the humerus

shoulder

A

coracohumeral ligament

39
Q

only strong thickening of the capsule that supports the weight of the upper limb

goes from coracoid process to the head of the humerus

shoulder

A

coracohumeral ligament

40
Q

strengthens the front of the capsule but are weak and may even be asbent

goes from glenoid cavity to the humerus

shoulder

A

glenohumeral ligaments

41
Q

strengthens the front of the capsule but are weak and may even be asbent

goes from glenoid cavity to the humerus

shoulder

A

glenohumeral ligaments

42
Q

goes across the acromion and coracoid

shoulder

A

coracoacromial ligament

43
Q

attaches to the clavicle

A

Acromioclavicular

44
Q

attaches to the clavicle

A

Acromioclavicular

45
Q

goes across the acromion and coracoid

shoulder

A

coracoacromial ligament

46
Q

the 4 rotator cuff tendons in the shoulder

A

subscapularis

supraspinatus

infraspinatus

teres minor

47
Q

the 2 capsular ligaments that restrict side-to-side movement in the elbow

A

ulnar collateral ligament

radial collateral ligament

48
Q

surrounds the head of the radius

elbow

A

anular ligament

49
Q

rim of fibrocartilage that enhances the depth of socket

hip

A

acetabular labrum

50
Q

can be seen anteriorly and posteriorly

in between greater trochanter and anterior inferior iliac spine

A

iliofemoral ligament

51
Q

can be seen anteriorly and posteriorly

in between greater trochanter and anterior inferior iliac spine

A

iliofemoral ligament

52
Q

seen more on the posterior side

A

ischiofemoral ligament

53
Q

seen anteriorly

connects lesser trochanter to the superior ramus of pubis

A

pubofemoral ligament

54
Q

intrascapular band that runs from the femur head to the lower lip of the acetabulum

A

ligament head of the femur

55
Q

Mandible has 2 types of movement

A

hinge: depression and elevation
gliding: side-to-side movement

56
Q
  • due to compression or sheeth stress
  • cartilage rarely repairs itself
  • repared with arthroscopic surgery
A

Cartilage tears

57
Q
  • reinforcing ligaments are stretched or torn
  • common in ankle, knee, lumber region of the back
  • partial tears repair very slowly because of poor vascularization
A

Sprains

58
Q

swelling of bursae

A

bursitis

59
Q

swelling of tendon

A

tendinitis

60
Q

pain, stiffness, and swelling of joints

A

arthritis

61
Q

chronic forms or arthritis

A

osteoarthritis (wear and tear)

rheumatoid arthritis (auto immune)

routy

62
Q

Plane: flat articular surface gliding, non-axial movement occurs

A

Type of synovial joint

63
Q

between a cylinder and trough uniaxial movement of flexion and extension

A

Hinge

64
Q

sleeve (bone) axis (joint) rotates in a uniaxial movement

A

Pivot

65
Q

biaxial movement between oval and articular surfaces ex: condylar joint

A

condylar joint

66
Q

between concave and convex

A

Saddle

67
Q

allows for multiaxial movement ex: shoulder

A

Ball and socket

Human Anatomy and Physiology I (13 decks)

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