Chapter 1: Introduction to Anatomy Flashcards
Regional anatomy System anatomy (cardiovascular, nervous, muscular) Surface anatomy (veins)
Gross or macroscopic anatomy
Cytology (study of cells)
Histology (study of tissue)
Microscopic Anatomy
Studies the anatomical and physiological development throughout life
Developmental anatomy
Levels of Structural Organization
Chemical level Cellular level Tissue level Organ level Organ system level Organismal level
Maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions
Homeostasis
Monitors environment and responds to stimuli
Receptor
Determines appropriate responses and receives input from receptor
Control center
Response either reduces stimuli or enhances stimuli
Effector
Response reduces or shuts off stimulus
Ex: regulating body temp or blood glucose levels
Negative feedback
Response enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus
Example: labor contractions by oxytocin
Positive feedback
head end/upper body
Superior
lower part of body
Inferior
Front of body
Anterior
Back of body
Posterior
Toward midline of the body
Medial
Away from the midline
Lateral
toward the origin/trunk of the body
Proximal
Away from the origin/trunk of the body
Distal
Toward or at the body surface
Superficial
Away from the body surface
Deep
2 major divisions of the body
Axial and appendicular
Legs and arms
Appendicular
Head, neck, trunk
Axial
Sagittal plane
Frontal
Transverse
Body planes
