Chapter 2: Chemistry Review

Question 1

Capacity to do work

Answer 1

Energy

Question 2

movement of charged particles

Answer 2

Electrical

Question 3

moving matter

Answer 3

Mechanical

Question 4

Travels in waves

Answer 4

Radiant

Question 5

of protons in the nucleus

Answer 5

Atomic number

Question 6

of protons and neutrons in nucleus

Answer 6

Mass #

Question 7

Variation of the same element

Answer 7

Isotopes

Question 8

2 or more atoms

Answer 8

Molecule

Question 9

2 or more different atoms

Answer 9

Compound

Question 10

Greatest amount

Answer 10

Solvent

Question 11

dissolved in solvent

Answer 11

Solute

Question 12

involve transfer of valence shell electrons

Answer 12

Ionic bonds

Question 13

Sharing of two or more valence shell electrons

Answer 13

Covalent bond

Question 14

Attraction between electropositive H of on molecule and electronegative of another

Answer 14

Hydrogen bond

Question 15

small molecules come together to form more complex ones

Answer 15

Synthesis (combination)

Question 16

bonds are broken in larger molecules

Answer 16

Decomposition

Question 17

Bonds are made and then broken

Answer 17

Exchange (displacement)

Question 18

Exchange: reduced gains electrons and oxidizes loses electrons

Answer 18

Redox

Question 19

Chemical that does not contain carbon

Answer 19

Inorganic molecule

Question 20

Contains carbon, usually large, covalently bonded (carbs, fats, proteins, nucleic acids)

Answer 20

Organic

Question 21

Proton donors and release hydrogen in solutions

Answer 21

Acids

Question 22

Proton acceptors, they pick up hydrogen in solutions

Answer 22

Bases

Question 23

Solutions have low hydrogen ions but high pH

Answer 23

Alkaline (Basic) Solutions

Question 24

Converts strong acids or bases into weak

Answer 24

Buffers

Question 25

Chains of similar units called monomeres

Answer 25

Polymers

Question 26

1 sugar

Answer 26

Monosaccharide

Question 27

2 sugars (too large to pass through cell membranes)

Answer 27

Disaccharides

Question 28

Many sugars (not very soluble)

Answer 28

Polysaccharides

Question 29

Sugars and starches

Answer 29

Carbs

Question 30

insoluble in water

Answer 30

Lipids

Question 31

Types of fats

Answer 31

Triglycerides Phospholipids Steroids Eicosanoids

Question 32

Important in cell membrane structure (modified triglyceride) | 2 fatty acid tails and P head

Answer 32

Phospholipids

Question 33

4 interlocking ring structures (cholesterol, vit. D, bile, salts) important in cell plasma membrane structure

Answer 33

Steroids

Question 34

Derived from a fatty acid found in cell membrane | Important in blood clotting, BP, inflammation, labor contractions

Answer 34

Eicosanoids

Question 35

Polymers of amino acids monomer held toghether by peptide bonds (covalent bonds)

Answer 35

Proteins

Question 36

Fibrous (strand-like) | Globular (compact and spherical)

Answer 36

Shapes of Proteins

Question 37

Globular proteins that act as biological catalysts

Answer 37

Enzymes

Question 38

Composed of a nitrogen base, a pentose sugar, a phosphate group

Answer 38

Nucleic Acids

Question 39

Main Nucleic Acids

Answer 39

DNA and RNA

Question 40

Directly powers chemical reactions

Answer 40

ATP

Question 41

When ATP loses a phosphate group

Answer 41

Becomes ADP