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Human Anatomy and Physiology I > Chapter 5: Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the integumentary system consist of?

A

Skin
Hair
Nails
Sweat glands
Sebaceous glands

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2
Q

The two distinct regions of the integumentary system

A

Epidermis
Dermis
(Deep to skin) Hypodermis

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3
Q

superficial region that consists of epithelial tissue and is avascular

A

Epidermis

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4
Q

underlies epidermis. mostly fibrous connective tissue and is avascular

A

Dermis

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5
Q

not part of the skin but shares some functions
composed of adipose tissue that absorbs shock and insulates
anchors skin to underlying structures

A

Hypodermis

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6
Q

What does the epidermis mainly consist of?

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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7
Q

What are the 4 cell types found in epidermis?

A
  1. keratinocytes
  2. melanocytes
  3. dendritic (langerhans) cells
  4. tactile (merkel) cells
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8
Q
  1. keratinocytes
  2. melanocytes
  3. dendritic cells
  4. tactile cells
A

4 cell types found in the epidermis

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9
Q
  • millions slough off everyday
  • tightly connected by desmosomes
  • major cells of the epidermis
  • produces fibrous keratin (protein)
A

Keratinocytes

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10
Q
  • produces pigment melanin, which is packaged into _____somes
    • spider-shaped cells located in the deepest epidermis
A

Melanocytes

Melanosomes

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11
Q

________ are transferred into keratinocytes, where they protect nucleus from UV damage

A

Melanosomes

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12
Q
  • start shaped macrophages that patrol deep epidermis
  • key activators of the immune system
A

Dendritic (langerhans) cells

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13
Q
  • sensory receptors that sense touch
A

Tactile (merkel) cells

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14
Q
  • consists of a single row of stem cells that actively divide
  • also known as stratum germination
  • 10-25% composed of melanocytes
A

Stratum basale

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15
Q
  • weblike system of intermediate prekeratin filaments attached to desmosomes (makes it appear spiky)
  • allows resistant tension and pulling
  • melanin granules + dendritic cells are most abundant in this layer
A

Stratum spinosum (prickly layer)

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16
Q
  • 4-6 cell layers thick, cells are flattened
  • cell appearance changes
  • cells accumulate keratohyaline granules that help form keratin in the upper layer
  • calls also accumulate lamellar granules, a water-resistant glycolipid that slows water loss
A

Stratum Granulosum

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17
Q
  • found only in thick skin
  • consists of a thin clear band of 2-3 rows of dead keratinocytes
    • superficial to stratum granulosum
A

Stratum Lucidum (clear leayer)

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18
Q
  • -20-30 layers of flat, anucleated keratinized dead cells
  • accounts for ¾ of epidermal thickness
  • dead cells have protective functions
A

Stratum Corneum (horny layer)

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19
Q
  • strong, flexible connective tissue
  • cells include fibroblasts, macrophages, and occasionally white blood cells
  • fiber in the matrix binds the body hyde
A

Dermis

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20
Q

contains epidermal hair follicles, oil glands, and sweat glands

A

Dermis

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21
Q

The 2 layers of dermis

A

Papillary

Reticular

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22
Q

What kind of tissue is in the papillary layer?

A

Areolar connective tissue

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23
Q
  • areolar connective tissue consisting of collagen fibers, elastic fibers, blood vessels
    • loose fibers allow phagocytes to patrol for microorganisms
A

Papillary Dermis Layer

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24
Q
  • consists of course, dense fibrous connective tissue
  • collagen fibers provide strength and resiliency
    • ECM contains pockets of adipose cells.
A

Reticular Dermis Layer

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25
Q

What kind of connective tissue is in the reticular dermis layer?

A

Corse, dense irregular connective tissue

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26
Q
  • superficial region of the dermis with fingerlike projections up into the epidermis
  • made up of areolar connective tissue
  • interlacing collagen and elastic
  • contains: capillary loops, free nerve endings, and touch receptors
A

Dermal Papillae

27
Q

network of blood vessels between reticular layer + hypodermis

A

Cutaneous Plexus

28
Q

The two types of hair

A

Vellus hair

Terminal hair

29
Q

hair thinning after 40

A

Alopecia

30
Q

genetically determined condition

A

True baldness

31
Q

caused by a follicular response to (dihydrotestosterone)

A

Male pattern baldness

32
Q

hard keratin

A

Nails

33
Q

Nail

A

Lanula

34
Q

thickened portion of bed responsible for nail growth

A

Nail Matrix

35
Q

cuticle

A

Eponychium

36
Q

the skin just under the free edge of your nail

A

Hyponychium

37
Q

bone of fingertip

A

Phalanx

38
Q

on all skin surfaces except nipples and parts of genitals contain these

A

Sweat glands (sudoriferous glands)

39
Q

2 Types of sweat glands

A

Eccrine and Apocrine

40
Q
  • ducts connect to pores
  • involved in thermoregulation
  • abundant on palms, soles, and forehead
  • secretion is: 99% water, salts, vit. C, antibodies, dermcidin, metabolic waster
A

Eccrine (merocrine (exocytosis) glands) sweat glands

41
Q
  • larger than eccrine glands
  • also merocrine
  • confined to axillary and anogenital areas
  • secretes milky/yellowish sweat that contains fatty substances
    • begin functioning at puberty
A

Apocrine sweat glands

42
Q
  • lines the external ear canal
  • secretes cerumen (earwax)
A

Ceraminous glands

43
Q

secretes milk

A

Mammary glands

44
Q
  • simple branched alveolar glands
  • mostly around hair follicles
  • not in this skin
A

Sebaceous Oil Glands

45
Q
  • oily holocrine secretion
  • bactericidal
  • softens hair and skin
A

Sebum

46
Q

Skin functions

A

Protection

Body temp regulation

Cutaneous sensations

Metabolic functions

Blood reservoir

Excretion of wastes

47
Q

unnoticeable sweat, 500 mL/day

A

Insensible perspiration

48
Q

noticeable sweat, 12L(3 gal)/day

A

Sensible perspiration

49
Q
  • part of the nervous system
    • exteroceptors respond to stimuli outside the body, such as temperature and touch
      • free nerve endings sense painful stimuli
A

Cutaneous sensory receptors

50
Q

caused by overexposure to UV radiation and frequent skin irritation

A

Skin cancer

51
Q

3 Major Types of Skin Cancer

A

Basal cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma

Melanoma

52
Q
  • stratum basal cells proliferate and slowly invade dermis
  • 99% cured by surgical excision
A

Basal cell carcinoma

53
Q
  • involves keratinocytes of stratum spinosum
  • scaly reddened papule on scalp, lower lips, and hands
  • good prognosis if treated by radiation or surgical excision
A

Squamous cell carcinoma

54
Q
  • cancer of melanocytes
  • metastasizes+highly resistant to chemotherapy
  • treated by wide surgical excision
A

Melanoma

55
Q

What happens after a burn?

A

threatens dehydration and loss of electrolytes

leads to renal shutdown and circulatory shock

56
Q

epidermal damage only

-localized redness, edema, pain

A

First degree burns

57
Q

epidermal and upper dermal damage

-blisters appear

A

Second degree burns

58
Q

skin color turns grey, white, cherry red, blackened

-no edema, not painful (nerve endings destroyed)

A

Third-degree burns

59
Q

external ear glands that secrete wax

A

Ceruminous glands

60
Q

Senses touch

A

Meissners corpuscle

61
Q

Senses pressure

A

Pacinian corpuscle

62
Q

Senses pain

A

Nociceptor

63
Q

Involved in recognizing fine touch

A

Meissners corpuscle, merkels discs, root hair plexus

64
Q

Temp and pain

A

Free nerve endings

Human Anatomy and Physiology I (13 decks)

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