Chapter 5: Integumentary System Flashcards
1
Q
What does the integumentary system consist of?
A
Skin
Hair
Nails
Sweat glands
Sebaceous glands
2
Q
The two distinct regions of the integumentary system
A
Epidermis
Dermis
(Deep to skin) Hypodermis
3
Q
superficial region that consists of epithelial tissue and is avascular
A
Epidermis
4
Q
underlies epidermis. mostly fibrous connective tissue and is avascular
A
Dermis
5
Q
not part of the skin but shares some functions
composed of adipose tissue that absorbs shock and insulates
anchors skin to underlying structures
A
Hypodermis
6
Q
What does the epidermis mainly consist of?
A
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
7
Q
What are the 4 cell types found in epidermis?
A
- keratinocytes
- melanocytes
- dendritic (langerhans) cells
- tactile (merkel) cells
8
Q
- keratinocytes
- melanocytes
- dendritic cells
- tactile cells
A
4 cell types found in the epidermis
9
Q
- millions slough off everyday
- tightly connected by desmosomes
- major cells of the epidermis
- produces fibrous keratin (protein)
A
Keratinocytes
10
Q
- produces pigment melanin, which is packaged into _____somes
- spider-shaped cells located in the deepest epidermis
A
Melanocytes
Melanosomes
11
Q
________ are transferred into keratinocytes, where they protect nucleus from UV damage
A
Melanosomes
12
Q
- start shaped macrophages that patrol deep epidermis
- key activators of the immune system
A
Dendritic (langerhans) cells
13
Q
- sensory receptors that sense touch
A
Tactile (merkel) cells
14
Q
- consists of a single row of stem cells that actively divide
- also known as stratum germination
- 10-25% composed of melanocytes
A
Stratum basale
15
Q
- weblike system of intermediate prekeratin filaments attached to desmosomes (makes it appear spiky)
- allows resistant tension and pulling
- melanin granules + dendritic cells are most abundant in this layer
A
Stratum spinosum (prickly layer)
16
Q
- 4-6 cell layers thick, cells are flattened
- cell appearance changes
- cells accumulate keratohyaline granules that help form keratin in the upper layer
- calls also accumulate lamellar granules, a water-resistant glycolipid that slows water loss
A
Stratum Granulosum
17
Q
- found only in thick skin
- consists of a thin clear band of 2-3 rows of dead keratinocytes
- superficial to stratum granulosum
A
Stratum Lucidum (clear leayer)
18
Q
- -20-30 layers of flat, anucleated keratinized dead cells
- accounts for ¾ of epidermal thickness
- dead cells have protective functions
A
Stratum Corneum (horny layer)
19
Q
- strong, flexible connective tissue
- cells include fibroblasts, macrophages, and occasionally white blood cells
- fiber in the matrix binds the body hyde
A
Dermis
20
Q
contains epidermal hair follicles, oil glands, and sweat glands
A
Dermis
21
Q
The 2 layers of dermis
A
Papillary
Reticular
22
Q
What kind of tissue is in the papillary layer?
A
Areolar connective tissue
23
Q
- areolar connective tissue consisting of collagen fibers, elastic fibers, blood vessels
- loose fibers allow phagocytes to patrol for microorganisms
A
Papillary Dermis Layer
24
Q
- consists of course, dense fibrous connective tissue
- collagen fibers provide strength and resiliency
- ECM contains pockets of adipose cells.
A
Reticular Dermis Layer
25
What kind of connective tissue is in the reticular dermis layer?
Corse, dense irregular connective tissue
26
* superficial region of the dermis with fingerlike projections up into the epidermis
* made up of areolar connective tissue
* interlacing collagen and elastic
* contains: capillary loops, free nerve endings, and touch receptors
Dermal Papillae
27
network of blood vessels between reticular layer + hypodermis
Cutaneous Plexus
28
The two types of hair
Vellus hair
Terminal hair
29
hair thinning after 40
Alopecia
30
genetically determined condition
True baldness
31
caused by a follicular response to (dihydrotestosterone)
Male pattern baldness
32
hard keratin
Nails
33
Nail
Lanula
34
thickened portion of bed responsible for nail growth
Nail Matrix
35
cuticle
Eponychium
36
the skin just under the free edge of your nail
Hyponychium
37
bone of fingertip
Phalanx
38
on all skin surfaces except nipples and parts of genitals contain these
Sweat glands (sudoriferous glands)
39
2 Types of sweat glands
Eccrine and Apocrine
40
* ducts connect to pores
* involved in thermoregulation
* abundant on palms, soles, and forehead
* secretion is: 99% water, salts, vit. C, antibodies, dermcidin, metabolic waster
Eccrine (merocrine (exocytosis) glands) sweat glands
41
* larger than eccrine glands
* also merocrine
* confined to axillary and anogenital areas
* secretes milky/yellowish sweat that contains fatty substances
* begin functioning at puberty
Apocrine sweat glands
42
* lines the external ear canal
* secretes cerumen (earwax)
Ceraminous glands
43
secretes milk
Mammary glands
44
* simple branched alveolar glands
* mostly around hair follicles
* not in this skin
Sebaceous Oil Glands
45
* oily holocrine secretion
* bactericidal
* softens hair and skin
Sebum
46
Skin functions
Protection
Body temp regulation
Cutaneous sensations
Metabolic functions
Blood reservoir
Excretion of wastes
47
unnoticeable sweat, 500 mL/day
Insensible perspiration
48
noticeable sweat, 12L(3 gal)/day
Sensible perspiration
49
* part of the nervous system
* exteroceptors respond to stimuli outside the body, such as temperature and touch
* free nerve endings sense painful stimuli
Cutaneous sensory receptors
50
caused by overexposure to UV radiation and frequent skin irritation
Skin cancer
51
3 Major Types of Skin Cancer
Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Melanoma
52
* stratum basal cells proliferate and slowly invade dermis
* 99% cured by surgical excision
Basal cell carcinoma
53
* involves keratinocytes of stratum spinosum
* scaly reddened papule on scalp, lower lips, and hands
* good prognosis if treated by radiation or surgical excision
Squamous cell carcinoma
54
* cancer of melanocytes
* metastasizes+highly resistant to chemotherapy
* treated by wide surgical excision
Melanoma
55
What happens after a burn?
threatens dehydration and loss of electrolytes
leads to renal shutdown and circulatory shock
56
epidermal damage only
-localized redness, edema, pain
First degree burns
57
epidermal and upper dermal damage
-blisters appear
Second degree burns
58
skin color turns grey, white, cherry red, blackened
-no edema, not painful (nerve endings destroyed)
Third-degree burns
59
external ear glands that secrete wax
Ceruminous glands
60
Senses touch
Meissners corpuscle
61
Senses pressure
Pacinian corpuscle
62
Senses pain
Nociceptor
63
Involved in recognizing fine touch
Meissners corpuscle, merkels discs, root hair plexus
64
Temp and pain
Free nerve endings
