Chapter 9: Joints Flashcards
Functions of Joints (3)
- link bones of skeletal system
- permit effective movement
- protect softer organs
joint is also known as______
articulation
joint
point where 2 bones meet, whether they are movable or not
arthrology
science of joint structure & function
kinesiology
study of musculoskeletal movement
How are joints named?
typically from the names of the bones involved
4 categories of joints
- bony joints
- fibrous joints
- cartilaginous joints
- synovial joints
bony joint (synostosis)? example?
“immovable”
formed when the gap between two bones ossifies & become a single bone
frontal & mandibular bone
fibrous joint (synarthrosis)
adjacent bones are bound by collagen fibers that emerge from one bone, cross the space between, and penetrate into the other
What are the 3 kinds of fibrous joints?
- sutures
- gomphoses
- syndesmoses
sutures
fibrous joint
immovable or slight movable fibrous joints closely bind the bones of the skull
classifications of suture? (3)
- serrate (interlocking:wavy lines) ex. sagittal
- lap (squamous)overlapping edges ex. temporal bone
- plane (butt) straight, non overlapping
gomphosis
fibrous joint
attachment of a tooth to its socket
syndesmoses
fibrous joint
2 bones are bound by longer collagenous fibers, giving bone mobility (tibia & fibula) or (ulna & radius)
cartilaginous joints
two bones linked by cartilage
Types of cartilaginous joints (2)
- synchondroses
- symphyses
synchrondroses
cartilaginous joint
bones are bound by hyaline cartilage (temporary joint in the epiphyseal plate in children)
symphysis
cartilaginous joint
2 bones joined by fibrocartilage (pubic symphysis & inter-vertebral discs)
synovial joint
“freely movable”
- joint in which 2 bones are separated by a space called a joint cavity
- has articular cartilage
articular cartilage
layer of hyaline cartilage covers the facing surfaces of two bones
synovial fluid (3)
slippery lubricant in joint cavity
makes movement almost friction free
nourishes articular cartilage & removes waste
tendon
sheet of tough collagenous connective tissue that attaches bone to muscle
ligament
attaches bone to one another
bursa
fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid, where tendon passes over bone (NOT A JOINT) ex. shoulder
menicus
found in the knee (two cartilages extend inward from left and right but do not entirely cross the joint)
