Chapter 5 Flashcards
Tissues
a group of similar cells that arise from the same region of the embryo
What are the 3 germ layers?
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
outer membrane
ectoderm
what does the ectoderm give rise to?
epidermis & nervous system
inner membrane
endoderm
what does the endoderm give rise to?
mucous membrane lining
middle layer
mesoderm
what does the mesoderm give rise to?differentiate into?
- muscle, bone, & blood
- mesenchyme
what are the four types of tissue?
epithelial
connective
muscular
nervous
epithelial tissue (4)
- flat sheets
- covers body surface
- allow no room for blood vessels
- lie on layer of loss connective tissue
layer between an epithelium & underlying connective tissue
basement membrane
surface of an epithelial cell that faces the basement membrane; separates from connective tissue
basal surface
surface of an epithelial cell that faces away form the basement membrane
apical
simple epithelium (2)
one layer
all cells touch basement membrane
stratified (2)
two or more layers
some cells rest on other cells
pseudostratified
looks stratified, but is really simple (every cell reached the basement membrane)
thin & scaly
squamos
square or round
cuboidal
tall & narrow
columnar
mucus secreting cells
goblet cells
who produces the basement membrane
epithelial cells & connective tissue cells
when the cells that line an epithelium are ciliated, the epithelium is always _____
simple
connective tissue (4)
- cells usually occupy less space than extracellular material
- binds organs to each other
- not in direct contact with each other
- most abundant & widely distributed
Types of connective tissue (4)
- loose
- adipose
- dense regular
- dense irregular
loose connective tissue types (2)
areolar
reticular
most adundant
tough & resist stretching
produce tendons & ligaments
collagen
thin coated with glycoprotein
form framework of organs
reticular
thin & branched
allows stretch & recoil
elastic
purpose of dense connective tissue
fibers fill spaces between cells
tissue in which adipocytes are the dominant cell type
adipose tissue
what is the body’s primary energy reservoir
fat
cell junctions
connections between one cell & another
how are cells anchored to each other or their matrix
intercellular junctions
tight junction (2)
- adjacent cells are bound by fusion of the outer phospholipid layer of membrane
- seals off intercellular space
desmosomes (2)
- patch that hold cells together
- serves to keep cells from pulling apart
gap junction
communicating junction
cell or organ that secretes substances for use elsewhere in the body
gland
product useful to the body
secretion
waste product
excretion
types of glands (2)
endocrine
exocrine
maintain their contact with body surface via a duct
exocrine
ex.sweat, tears, mammary
lose their contact with the surface and have no duct
endocrine
ex. thyroid, pituitary
where do exocrine/endocrine secrete
products into a duct/ hormones into the blood
modes of secretion (3)
merocrine
apocrine
holocrine
use vesicles that release their secretion by exocytosis
merocrine
lipid droplet covered by membrane & cytoplasm bud
apocrine
cells accumulate a product until they disintegrate
holocrine
