Chapter 9 : Drugs Used in Hormonal, Endocrine, and Reproductive Disorders

Question 1

The constructive phase of metabolism in which body cells repair and replace tissue

Answer 1

Anabolism

Question 2

A chemical compound having a structure similar to another but differing from it in some way

Answer 2

Analogue

Question 3

Hyperadrenocorticism; a disease or syndrom characterized by an overabundance of corticosteroid hormones

Answer 3

Cushing’s syndrome

Question 4

Difficult birth

Answer 4

Dystocia

Question 5

The mucous membrane lining of the uterus

Answer 5

Endometrium

Question 6

A normal thyroid gland

Answer 6

Euthyroid

Question 7

The rate at which animals conversy feed into tissue; expressed in pounds of feed needed to produce 1 lb of animal

Answer 7

Feed efficiency

Question 8

The return of some of the output product of a process as input in a way that controls the process

Answer 8

Feedback

Question 9

A hormone that stimulates the ovaries or testes

Answer 9

Gonadotropin

Question 10

The portal system of the pituitary gland in which venules from the hypothalamus connect with capillaries of the anterior pituitary

Answer 10

Hypophyseal portal system

Question 11

Caused by physician

Answer 11

Iatrogenic

Question 12

The return of a reproductive organ to normal size after delivery

Answer 12

Involution

Question 13

Left-sided arrangement of a molecule that may exist in a left- or right-sided configuration

Answer 13

Levo Isomer

Question 14

A muscle fibril composed of numerous myofilaments

Answer 14

Myofibril

Question 15

The condition of the body as it relates to protein intake and use; positive implies a net gain in body protein

Answer 15

Nitrogen balance

Question 16

Hypothyroidism resulting from a pathologic condition of the thyroid

Answer 16

Primary hypothyroidism

Question 17

A hormone produced by the hypothalamus and transported to the anterior pituitary to stimulate the release of trophic hormones

Answer 17

Releasing factor

Question 18

A hormone that results in production of a second hormone in a target gland

Answer 18

Trophic hormone

Question 19

Describe the relationship between hormonal releasing factors, trophic hormones, and hormones produced by specific tissues or glands

Answer 19

Releasing factors (RFs) are messengers made by the hypothalamus in response to its detection of hormone levels in the blood. RFs send messages to the pituitary to stimulate this gland to manufacture trophic hormones. Trophic hormones, in turn, stimulate a specific tissue or gland to produce the hormone in question.

Question 20

<p>List the major endocrine glands (5)</p>

Answer 20

<p>1) Pituitary

2) Thyroid
3) Ovaries / Testicles
4) Adrenals
5) Pancreas</p>

Question 21

What are the reasons for using hormonal therapy in veterinary medicine?

Answer 21

To correct a deficiency or to produce a desired effect

Question 22

Where is the pituitary gland located and what is its function?

Answer 22

The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain ventral to the hypothalamus, and its primary function is to control the activity of the other endocrine glands.

Question 23

The release of oxytocin by the posterior pituitary is controlled through the ____ mechanism

Answer 23

Neurohormonal reflex

Question 24

GnRH is classified as a

Answer 24

Gonadotropin

Question 25

Hormonal products with “gest” in their name are classified as

Answer 25

Progestins

Question 26

<p>List 3 potential uses of prostaglandins in veterinary medicine</p>

Answer 26

<p>1) Estrus synchronization

2) Induction of abortion
3) Induction of estrus</p>

Question 27

Human skin contact or injection with prostaglandins can be a serious health risk to

Answer 27

Pregnant women and those with asthma

Question 28

Before oxytocin can exert its effects on the uterus, the uterus must first be primed with

Answer 28

Estrogen and progesterone

Question 29

What precautions should be taken before oxytocin is administered?

Answer 29

Examine reproductive tract for blockage or torsion, verify cervix is dilated

Question 30

What 2 active hormones are produced by the thyroid gland?

Answer 30

Triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4)

Question 31

What drug is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism?

Answer 31

Levothyroxine

Question 32

List the 3 major classes of insulin

Answer 32

Short-acting (regular/lispro/aspart), intermediate-acting (NPH/PZI/Lente), long-acting (Glargine/detemir)

Question 33

Which form of insulin is used in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis?

Answer 33

Regular

Question 34

Which form of insulin must be resuspended before administration?

Answer 34

NPH/PZI/Lente

Question 35

What are some signs of insulin overdose?

Answer 35

Weakness, ataxia, shaking, and seizures

Question 36

Growth promoters should not be used in animals intended for

Answer 36

Breeding purposes

Question 37

Why are anabolic steroids classified as controlled substances?

Answer 37

Due to potential for abuse by human athletes

Question 38

Which insulin product should be shaken thoroughly prior to use?

Answer 38

Vetsulin

Question 39

What precautions should be taken by pregnant women before Regu-Mate is administered?

Answer 39

Wear gloves

Question 40

Why is synthetic DES banned from use in food-producing animals?

Answer 40

Linked to cervical cancer in women

Question 41

Prostaglandin causes lysis of the _____ at the end of pregnancy or the end of diestrus

Answer 41

Corpus luteum

Question 42

Endometrium lines the ____

Answer 42

Uterus

Question 43

GnRH is produced in the _____

Answer 43

Hypothalamus

Question 44

Name a drug used in the treatment of hypothyroidism in animals

Answer 44

Levothyroxine

Question 45

Cushing’s Syndrome is caused by an excess of circulating _____

Answer 45

Cortisol

Question 46

Name 2 drugs used in treatment of pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism in dogs

Answer 46

Lysodren (Mitotane), Vetoryl (trilostane)