Chapter 9 : Drugs Used in Hormonal, Endocrine, and Reproductive Disorders Flashcards
The constructive phase of metabolism in which body cells repair and replace tissue
Anabolism
A chemical compound having a structure similar to another but differing from it in some way
Analogue
Hyperadrenocorticism; a disease or syndrom characterized by an overabundance of corticosteroid hormones
Cushing’s syndrome
Difficult birth
Dystocia
The mucous membrane lining of the uterus
Endometrium
A normal thyroid gland
Euthyroid
The rate at which animals conversy feed into tissue; expressed in pounds of feed needed to produce 1 lb of animal
Feed efficiency
The return of some of the output product of a process as input in a way that controls the process
Feedback
A hormone that stimulates the ovaries or testes
Gonadotropin
The portal system of the pituitary gland in which venules from the hypothalamus connect with capillaries of the anterior pituitary
Hypophyseal portal system
Caused by physician
Iatrogenic
The return of a reproductive organ to normal size after delivery
Involution
Left-sided arrangement of a molecule that may exist in a left- or right-sided configuration
Levo Isomer
A muscle fibril composed of numerous myofilaments
Myofibril
The condition of the body as it relates to protein intake and use; positive implies a net gain in body protein
Nitrogen balance
Hypothyroidism resulting from a pathologic condition of the thyroid
Primary hypothyroidism
A hormone produced by the hypothalamus and transported to the anterior pituitary to stimulate the release of trophic hormones
Releasing factor
A hormone that results in production of a second hormone in a target gland
Trophic hormone
Describe the relationship between hormonal releasing factors, trophic hormones, and hormones produced by specific tissues or glands
Releasing factors (RFs) are messengers made by the hypothalamus in response to its detection of hormone levels in the blood. RFs send messages to the pituitary to stimulate this gland to manufacture trophic hormones. Trophic hormones, in turn, stimulate a specific tissue or gland to produce the hormone in question.
<p>List the major endocrine glands (5)</p>
<p>1) Pituitary
2) Thyroid
3) Ovaries / Testicles
4) Adrenals
5) Pancreas</p>
What are the reasons for using hormonal therapy in veterinary medicine?
To correct a deficiency or to produce a desired effect
Where is the pituitary gland located and what is its function?
The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain ventral to the hypothalamus, and its primary function is to control the activity of the other endocrine glands.
The release of oxytocin by the posterior pituitary is controlled through the ____ mechanism
Neurohormonal reflex
GnRH is classified as a
Gonadotropin
Hormonal products with “gest” in their name are classified as
Progestins
<p>List 3 potential uses of prostaglandins in veterinary medicine</p>
<p>1) Estrus synchronization
2) Induction of abortion
3) Induction of estrus</p>
Human skin contact or injection with prostaglandins can be a serious health risk to
Pregnant women and those with asthma
Before oxytocin can exert its effects on the uterus, the uterus must first be primed with
Estrogen and progesterone
What precautions should be taken before oxytocin is administered?
Examine reproductive tract for blockage or torsion, verify cervix is dilated
What 2 active hormones are produced by the thyroid gland?
Triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4)
What drug is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism?
Levothyroxine
List the 3 major classes of insulin
Short-acting (regular/lispro/aspart), intermediate-acting (NPH/PZI/Lente), long-acting (Glargine/detemir)
Which form of insulin is used in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis?
Regular
Which form of insulin must be resuspended before administration?
NPH/PZI/Lente
What are some signs of insulin overdose?
Weakness, ataxia, shaking, and seizures
Growth promoters should not be used in animals intended for
Breeding purposes
Why are anabolic steroids classified as controlled substances?
Due to potential for abuse by human athletes
Which insulin product should be shaken thoroughly prior to use?
Vetsulin
What precautions should be taken by pregnant women before Regu-Mate is administered?
Wear gloves
Why is synthetic DES banned from use in food-producing animals?
Linked to cervical cancer in women
Prostaglandin causes lysis of the _____ at the end of pregnancy or the end of diestrus
Corpus luteum
Endometrium lines the ____
Uterus
GnRH is produced in the _____
Hypothalamus
Name a drug used in the treatment of hypothyroidism in animals
Levothyroxine
Cushing’s Syndrome is caused by an excess of circulating _____
Cortisol
Name 2 drugs used in treatment of pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism in dogs
Lysodren (Mitotane), Vetoryl (trilostane)
