Chapter 17 : Immunologic Drugs Flashcards
Immunity that occurs by an animal’s own immune response after exposure to foreign antigen
Active immunity
A substance given with an antigen to enhance the immune response to the antigen
Adjuvant
A systemic severe allergic reaction
Anaphylaxis
An immunoglobulin molecule that combines with the specific antigen that induced its formation
Antibody
Any substance that can induce a specific immune response, such as toxins, foreign proteins, bacteria, and viruses
Antigen
The inability of an infectious agent to produce pathologic effects
Avirulent
A killed bacterial vaccine
Bacterin
A vaccine, antiserum, or antitoxin developed specifically for a single antigen or organism
Monovalent
Immunity that occurs by administration of antibody produced in another individual
Passive immunity
A vaccine, antiserum, or antitoxin active against multiple antigens or ogranisms; mixed vaccine
Polyvalent
A substance, such as an antibiotic, antiinfective, or fungistat, that is added to a product to destroy or inhibit multiplication of microorganisms
Preservative
A process that removes a gene from one organism or pathogen and inserts it into the DNA of another; also refered to as gene splicing
Recombinant DNA technology
The ability of an infectious agent to produce pathologic effects
Virulence
Immunizations should never take the place of regularly scheduled ____
Routine checkups
<p>What 6 factors may determine an animal's response to immunization?</p>
<p>1) Health/Age
2) Type of vaccine
3) Route of administration
4) Concurrent incubation of infectious diseases
5) Exposure to infectious disease before immunity is reached
6) Drug therapy</p>
What is an inactivated vaccine?
An inactivated vaccine has organisms commonly treated by chemicals to kill the organism, but very little change occurs in the antigens that stimulate protective immunity.
What is a live vaccine?
A live vaccine is prepared from live microorganisms or viruses.
What is a modified live vaccine?
Modified live vaccine has organisms that have undergone a process (attenuation) to lose their virulence so that, when inoculated into the body, they cause an immune response instead of disease.
What is a toxoid?
A toxoid is a vaccine used in producing immunity to a toxin rather than to a bacterium or virus.
What is an antitoxin?
An antitoxin is a specific antiserum aimed against a toxin that contains a concentration of antibodies extracted from blood plasma of a hyperimmunized, healthy animal (usually a horse).
What is immunotherapy?
Using drugs to stimulate the body’s immune response to disease
Most vaccines for small animals are administered by what route?
IM or SQ
