Chapter 5 : Drugs Used in Respiratory System Disorders

Question 1

The conversion of a liquid into a fine mist or colloidal suspension in air

Answer 1

Aerisolization

Question 2

A drug that inhibits or supresses the cough reflex

Answer 2

Antitussive

Question 3

Narrowing of the bronchi and bronchioles, which results in increased airway resistance and resuced airflow

Answer 3

Bronchoconstriction

Question 4

Widening lumen of bronchi and broncioles, which results from relaxation of smooth muscle in the walls of bronchi and bronchioles; airway resistance is decreased and airflow is increased

Answer 4

Bronchodilation

Question 5

A substance that reduces the swelling of mucous membranes

Answer 5

Decongestant

Question 6

A drug that enhances the expulsion of secretions from the respiratory tract

Answer 6

Expectorant

Question 7

Addition of moisture to the air

Answer 7

Humidification

Question 8

Class of antibody produced on mucous membrane surfaces, such as those of the respiratory tract

Answer 8

Immunoglobulin A (IgA)

Question 9

Thickened or dried out

Answer 9

Inspissated

Question 10

Having the ability to break down mucus

Answer 10

Mucolytic

Question 11

The process of converting liquid medications into a spray that can be carried into the respiratory system by inhaled air

Answer 11

Nebulization

Question 12

A cough that does not result in coughing up mucus, secretions, or debris; a dry cough

Answer 12

Nonproductive Cough

Question 13

A cough that results in coughing up mucus, secretions, or debris

Answer 13

Productive Cough

Question 14

Aspiration reflex - short periods of noisy inspiratory effort in dogs

Answer 14

Reverse sneeze

Question 15

A mixture of phospholipids secreted by Type II alveolar cells that reduce surface tension in pulmonary fluids

Answer 15

Surfactant

Question 16

Sticky

Answer 16

Viscid

Question 17

What structures would a molecule of oxygen pass over or through as it travels from the environment to the alveoli? (7)

Answer 17

Nostrils
Nasal Cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles

Question 18

What are the 4 primary functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 18

1) O2-CO2 exchange
2) Regulation of acid-base balance
3) Body temperature regulation
4) Voice production

Question 19

Describe the function of the 4 basic defense mechanisms of the respiratory system?

Answer 19

1) Structures in the nasal passages filter, warm, and humidify inspired air
2) Cough, sneeze, and reverse sneeze attempt to remove foreign material
3) Mucociliary mechanism removes foreign material
4) Macrophages and immunoglobulins inactivate or destroy invasive organisms

Question 20

What are 3 important principles of respiratory therapeutics?

Answer 20

1) Control secretions
2) Control reflexes
3) Maintain normal airflow

Question 21

Expectorants are indicated when what type of cough is present?

Answer 21

Productive Cough

Question 22

Mucolytics decrease the viscosity of respiratory mucus by what mechanism?

Answer 22

Through the breakdown of disulfide chemical bonds

Question 23

Acetylcystine is administered by what method for pulmonary uses?

Answer 23

Nebulization

Question 24

What is the mechanism of action of most antitussives in veterinary medicine?

Answer 24

Depression of cough center in brain

Question 25

Codeine is classified in what category of controlled substances?

Answer 25

Schedule V

Question 26

List 3 mechanisms that can cause smooth muscle contractions in the bronchioles

Answer 26

1) Release of acetylcholine
2) Release of histamine
3) Blockade of beta2-adrenergic receptors

Question 27

List 2 bronchodilators that are beta2-adrenergic agonists

Answer 27

Epinephrine and Albuterol

Question 28

The methylxanthines bring about bronchodilation by inhibiting what cellular enzyme?

Answer 28

Phosphodiesterase

Question 29

List 2 potential uses for antihistamines in veterinary medicine

Answer 29

Treatment of insect bites, and treatment of heaves in horses

Question 30

What suffix is found at the end of many antihistamine names?

Answer 30

amine

Question 31

List 2 potential uses for Dopram

Answer 31

Treatment of respiratory depression associated with anesthesia and stimulation of respiration in newborn animals

Question 32

List 2 uses of acetylcysteine in veterinary medicine

Answer 32

As a mucolytic agent, as an antidote for acetimenophen toxicity

Question 33

<p>Which of the following is not an example of methylxanthine?
A) Aminophylline
B) Theophylline
C) Caffeine
D) Theobromine
E) These are all examples of methylxanthines</p>

Answer 33

<p>E) These are all examples of methylxanthines</p>

Question 34

Particles of what size are capable of reaching the alveoli?

Answer 34

1-5 microns

Question 35

_____ is used for the relief of chronic nonproductive cough in dogs and for analgesia and preanesthesia in dogs and cats

Answer 35

Butorphanol tartrate