Chapter 5 : Drugs Used in Respiratory System Disorders Flashcards
The conversion of a liquid into a fine mist or colloidal suspension in air
Aerisolization
A drug that inhibits or supresses the cough reflex
Antitussive
Narrowing of the bronchi and bronchioles, which results in increased airway resistance and resuced airflow
Bronchoconstriction
Widening lumen of bronchi and broncioles, which results from relaxation of smooth muscle in the walls of bronchi and bronchioles; airway resistance is decreased and airflow is increased
Bronchodilation
A substance that reduces the swelling of mucous membranes
Decongestant
A drug that enhances the expulsion of secretions from the respiratory tract
Expectorant
Addition of moisture to the air
Humidification
Class of antibody produced on mucous membrane surfaces, such as those of the respiratory tract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA)
Thickened or dried out
Inspissated
Having the ability to break down mucus
Mucolytic
The process of converting liquid medications into a spray that can be carried into the respiratory system by inhaled air
Nebulization
A cough that does not result in coughing up mucus, secretions, or debris; a dry cough
Nonproductive Cough
A cough that results in coughing up mucus, secretions, or debris
Productive Cough
Aspiration reflex - short periods of noisy inspiratory effort in dogs
Reverse sneeze
A mixture of phospholipids secreted by Type II alveolar cells that reduce surface tension in pulmonary fluids
Surfactant
Sticky
Viscid
What structures would a molecule of oxygen pass over or through as it travels from the environment to the alveoli? (7)
Nostrils Nasal Cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles
What are the 4 primary functions of the respiratory system?
1) O2-CO2 exchange
2) Regulation of acid-base balance
3) Body temperature regulation
4) Voice production
Describe the function of the 4 basic defense mechanisms of the respiratory system?
1) Structures in the nasal passages filter, warm, and humidify inspired air
2) Cough, sneeze, and reverse sneeze attempt to remove foreign material
3) Mucociliary mechanism removes foreign material
4) Macrophages and immunoglobulins inactivate or destroy invasive organisms
What are 3 important principles of respiratory therapeutics?
1) Control secretions
2) Control reflexes
3) Maintain normal airflow
Expectorants are indicated when what type of cough is present?
Productive Cough
Mucolytics decrease the viscosity of respiratory mucus by what mechanism?
Through the breakdown of disulfide chemical bonds
Acetylcystine is administered by what method for pulmonary uses?
Nebulization
What is the mechanism of action of most antitussives in veterinary medicine?
Depression of cough center in brain
Codeine is classified in what category of controlled substances?
Schedule V
List 3 mechanisms that can cause smooth muscle contractions in the bronchioles
1) Release of acetylcholine
2) Release of histamine
3) Blockade of beta2-adrenergic receptors
List 2 bronchodilators that are beta2-adrenergic agonists
Epinephrine and Albuterol
The methylxanthines bring about bronchodilation by inhibiting what cellular enzyme?
Phosphodiesterase
List 2 potential uses for antihistamines in veterinary medicine
Treatment of insect bites, and treatment of heaves in horses
What suffix is found at the end of many antihistamine names?
amine
List 2 potential uses for Dopram
Treatment of respiratory depression associated with anesthesia and stimulation of respiration in newborn animals
List 2 uses of acetylcysteine in veterinary medicine
As a mucolytic agent, as an antidote for acetimenophen toxicity
<p>Which of the following is not an example of methylxanthine?
A) Aminophylline
B) Theophylline
C) Caffeine
D) Theobromine
E) These are all examples of methylxanthines</p>
<p>E) These are all examples of methylxanthines</p>
Particles of what size are capable of reaching the alveoli?
1-5 microns
_____ is used for the relief of chronic nonproductive cough in dogs and for analgesia and preanesthesia in dogs and cats
Butorphanol tartrate
