Chapter 6 : Drugs used in Renal and Urinary Tract Disorders

Question 1

The absence or lack of normal tone or strength

Answer 1

Atony

Question 2

The smooth muscle of the urinary bladder that is mainly responsible for emptying the bladder during urination

Answer 2

Detrusor

Question 3

The absence of detrusor contractions

Answer 3

Detrusor areflexia

Question 4

The formation of erythrocytes

Answer 4

Erythropoeisis

Question 5

A glycoprotein hormone secreted mainly by the kidney; acts on stem cells of the bone marrow to stimulate red blood cell production

Answer 5

Erythropoeitin

Question 6

Blood in the urine

Answer 6

Hematuria

Question 7

Persistently high blood pressure

Answer 7

Hypertension

Question 8

The state characterized by an increased tonicity or tension

Answer 8

Hypertonus

Question 9

Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood

Answer 9

Hypokalemia

Question 10

Peripheral neurons whose cell bodies lie in the central grey columns of the spinal cord and whose terminations lie in skeletal muscle

Answer 10

Lower motor neurons

Question 11

The study of the urinary (renal) system

Answer 11

Nephrology

Question 12

The basic functional unit of the kidney

Answer 12

Nephron

Question 13

Excessive thirst manifested by increased water consumption

Answer 13

Polydipsia

Question 14

Located behind the peritoneum

Answer 14

Retroperitoneal

Question 15

Neurons in the cerebral cortex that conduct impulses from the motor cortex to the motor nuclei of the cerebral nerves or to the ventral grey columns of the spinal column

Answer 15

Upper motor neurons

Question 16

Abnormally high concentration of urea, creatinine, and other nitrogenous end products of protein and amino acid metabolism in the blood

Answer 16

Uremia

Question 17

Lack of voluntary control over the normal excretion of urine

Answer 17

Urinary Incontinence

Question 18

Infection of the urinary tract

Answer 18

Urinary tract infection

Question 19

What structures constitute the urinary system?

Answer 19

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

Question 20

Name 2 drugs that are contraindicated in uremic patients

Answer 20

Xylazine

Ketamine

Question 21

Renal damage may be categorized as (3)

Answer 21

Prerenal, renal, postrenal

Question 22

Name 4 effects of diuretics

Answer 22

1. Remove excess extracellular fluid
2. Increase urine volume
3. Increase sodium excretion
4. Decrease hypertension

Question 23

What supplement may be administered in conjunction with loop diuretics?

Answer 23

Potassium

Question 24

ACE inhibitors block the conversion of Angiotensin I to ____

Answer 24

Angiotensin II

Question 25

Urinary acidifiers are used to produce acide urine, which assists in dissolving and preventing formation of _____

Answer 25

Struvite uroliths

Question 26

The renal cortex produces ____; thus chronic renal failure can cause an absolute or relative ____ in its production

Answer 26

Erythropoeitin, decrease

Question 27

Why is furosemide referred to as a loop diuretic?

Answer 27

Loop diuretics inhibit the tubular reabsorption of sodium

Question 28

Where is ADH secreted?

Answer 28

Posterior Pituitary Gland

Question 29

Diuretics are used to remove ____ fluid

Answer 29

Extracellular

Question 30

What part of the kidney is responsible for the reabsorption or secretion of certain substances?

Answer 30

Tubules

Question 31

T/F Patients with renal failure are at a lesser anesthetic risk than patients with normal renal function

Answer 31

F