Chapter 6 : Drugs used in Renal and Urinary Tract Disorders Flashcards
The absence or lack of normal tone or strength
Atony
The smooth muscle of the urinary bladder that is mainly responsible for emptying the bladder during urination
Detrusor
The absence of detrusor contractions
Detrusor areflexia
The formation of erythrocytes
Erythropoeisis
A glycoprotein hormone secreted mainly by the kidney; acts on stem cells of the bone marrow to stimulate red blood cell production
Erythropoeitin
Blood in the urine
Hematuria
Persistently high blood pressure
Hypertension
The state characterized by an increased tonicity or tension
Hypertonus
Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood
Hypokalemia
Peripheral neurons whose cell bodies lie in the central grey columns of the spinal cord and whose terminations lie in skeletal muscle
Lower motor neurons
The study of the urinary (renal) system
Nephrology
The basic functional unit of the kidney
Nephron
Excessive thirst manifested by increased water consumption
Polydipsia
Located behind the peritoneum
Retroperitoneal
Neurons in the cerebral cortex that conduct impulses from the motor cortex to the motor nuclei of the cerebral nerves or to the ventral grey columns of the spinal column
Upper motor neurons
Abnormally high concentration of urea, creatinine, and other nitrogenous end products of protein and amino acid metabolism in the blood
Uremia
Lack of voluntary control over the normal excretion of urine
Urinary Incontinence
Infection of the urinary tract
Urinary tract infection
What structures constitute the urinary system?
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
Name 2 drugs that are contraindicated in uremic patients
Xylazine
Ketamine
Renal damage may be categorized as (3)
Prerenal, renal, postrenal
Name 4 effects of diuretics
- Remove excess extracellular fluid
- Increase urine volume
- Increase sodium excretion
- Decrease hypertension
What supplement may be administered in conjunction with loop diuretics?
Potassium
ACE inhibitors block the conversion of Angiotensin I to ____
Angiotensin II
Urinary acidifiers are used to produce acide urine, which assists in dissolving and preventing formation of _____
Struvite uroliths
The renal cortex produces ____; thus chronic renal failure can cause an absolute or relative ____ in its production
Erythropoeitin, decrease
Why is furosemide referred to as a loop diuretic?
Loop diuretics inhibit the tubular reabsorption of sodium
Where is ADH secreted?
Posterior Pituitary Gland
Diuretics are used to remove ____ fluid
Extracellular
What part of the kidney is responsible for the reabsorption or secretion of certain substances?
Tubules
T/F Patients with renal failure are at a lesser anesthetic risk than patients with normal renal function
F
