Chapter 8 : Drugs Used in Gastrointestinal System Disorders Flashcards
A drug that inhibits gastrointestinal absorption of drugs, toxins, or chemicals by attracting and holding them to its surface
Adsorbent
An area in the brain that activates the vomiting center when stimulated by toxic substances in the blood
Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CRTZ)
A preparation for cleansing teeth that is available in powder, paste, or liquid
Dentrifice
The act of vomiting
Emesis
Vomiting of blood
Hematemesis
Dark or black stools that result from the presence of blood
Melena
A hormone secreted by cells in the duodenal mucosa that causes contraction of the intestinal smooth muscle
Motilin
A cell located in the gastric mucosa that secretes hydrochloric acid
Parietal cell
A wave of smooth muscle contraction that passes along a tubular structure and moves the contents of that structure forward
Peristalsis
Casting up of undigested or semidigested frood from the esophagus or rumen
Regurgitation
Periodic constriction of segments of the intestine without movement backward or forward; a mixing rather than propulsive movement
Segmentation
<p>List 3 general functions of the GI tract</p>
<p>1) Entry of food and fluid into the body
2) absorption of nutrients
3) excretion of waste products</p>
List 3 examples of monogastric animals
Dogs, cats, primates
What is the GI configuration of ruminant animals?
Ruminants have a system of forestomachs, including the reticulum, rumen, and omasum, which allows them to digest coarse plant material, as well as a true stomach (abomasum).
What is the difference between vomiting and regurgitation?
Regurgitation is a normal process of ruminants that permits them to bring up partially digested foodstuff for rechewing. Vomiting is the forcible expulsion of gastric contents and is generally considered to be pathologic.
Ruminants are animals that use ____ to digest coarse plant material
Microorganisms in the rumen
<p>What are 3 basic control mechanisms of the GI tract?</p>
<p>1) autonomic nervous system
2) hormonal control
3) chemical control (e.g., histamine, prostaglandin, and others)</p>
What is the significance of the presence of bacterial endotoxins in the GI tract?
Bacterial endotoxins may increase the permeability of intestinal blood vessels, resulting in increased fluid loss. They also may induce fever and initiate shock.
The CRTZ stimulates vomiting when activated by
Chemical substances (digitalis compounds, urea, ketone bodies, and others) and impulses from the inner ear
List 2 examples of centrally acting emetics
apomorphine and xylazine
List 2 examples of peripherally acting emetics
syrup of ipecac and mustard
H2 receptor antagonists promote the healing of GI ulcers by
Reducing the secretion of hydrochloric acid by gastric mucosal cells
List 2 H2 receptor agonists
Cimetidine and ranitidine
What are 2 types of intestinal motility patterns?
Peristalsis and segmentation
Acute vomiting and diarrhea in dogs and cats often responds to conservative management such as
Witholding of food for 12-24 hours
List two species that do not vomit
Rates and horses
What is the mechanism of action of saline/hyperosmotic laxatives?
By retaining water osmotically in the gut, these agents cause softening of the stool.
Direct cholinergic drugs stimulate the GI tract by what mechanism?
Mimicking the effect of acetylcholine
A synthetican antibiotic/antiinflammatory agent used to treat giardiasis and anaerobic bacterial infections in animals is
Metronidazole
T/F Stimulation of the parasympathetic portion of the ANS decreases gastric motility
FALSE
About what percent of the stomach’s contents do emetics usually remove?
80%
How does sucralfate work to treat/prevent gastric ulcers?
By forming a pastelike barrier over the surface of gastric ulcers
Bismuth subsalicylate should be used with caution in what species?
Felines
What species has no galbladder?
Equines
