Chapter 8 : Drugs Used in Gastrointestinal System Disorders

Question 1

A drug that inhibits gastrointestinal absorption of drugs, toxins, or chemicals by attracting and holding them to its surface

Answer 1

Adsorbent

Question 2

An area in the brain that activates the vomiting center when stimulated by toxic substances in the blood

Answer 2

Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CRTZ)

Question 3

A preparation for cleansing teeth that is available in powder, paste, or liquid

Answer 3

Dentrifice

Question 4

The act of vomiting

Answer 4

Emesis

Question 5

Vomiting of blood

Answer 5

Hematemesis

Question 6

Dark or black stools that result from the presence of blood

Answer 6

Melena

Question 7

A hormone secreted by cells in the duodenal mucosa that causes contraction of the intestinal smooth muscle

Answer 7

Motilin

Question 8

A cell located in the gastric mucosa that secretes hydrochloric acid

Answer 8

Parietal cell

Question 9

A wave of smooth muscle contraction that passes along a tubular structure and moves the contents of that structure forward

Answer 9

Peristalsis

Question 10

Casting up of undigested or semidigested frood from the esophagus or rumen

Answer 10

Regurgitation

Question 11

Periodic constriction of segments of the intestine without movement backward or forward; a mixing rather than propulsive movement

Answer 11

Segmentation

Question 12

<p>List 3 general functions of the GI tract</p>

Answer 12

<p>1) Entry of food and fluid into the body

2) absorption of nutrients
3) excretion of waste products</p>

Question 13

List 3 examples of monogastric animals

Answer 13

Dogs, cats, primates

Question 14

What is the GI configuration of ruminant animals?

Answer 14

Ruminants have a system of forestomachs, including the reticulum, rumen, and omasum, which allows them to digest coarse plant material, as well as a true stomach (abomasum).

Question 15

What is the difference between vomiting and regurgitation?

Answer 15

Regurgitation is a normal process of ruminants that permits them to bring up partially digested foodstuff for rechewing. Vomiting is the forcible expulsion of gastric contents and is generally considered to be pathologic.

Question 16

Ruminants are animals that use ____ to digest coarse plant material

Answer 16

Microorganisms in the rumen

Question 17

<p>What are 3 basic control mechanisms of the GI tract?</p>

Answer 17

<p>1) autonomic nervous system

2) hormonal control
3) chemical control (e.g., histamine, prostaglandin, and others)</p>

Question 18

What is the significance of the presence of bacterial endotoxins in the GI tract?

Answer 18

Bacterial endotoxins may increase the permeability of intestinal blood vessels, resulting in increased fluid loss. They also may induce fever and initiate shock.

Question 19

The CRTZ stimulates vomiting when activated by

Answer 19

Chemical substances (digitalis compounds, urea, ketone bodies, and others) and impulses from the inner ear

Question 20

List 2 examples of centrally acting emetics

Answer 20

apomorphine and xylazine

Question 21

List 2 examples of peripherally acting emetics

Answer 21

syrup of ipecac and mustard

Question 22

H2 receptor antagonists promote the healing of GI ulcers by

Answer 22

Reducing the secretion of hydrochloric acid by gastric mucosal cells

Question 23

List 2 H2 receptor agonists

Answer 23

Cimetidine and ranitidine

Question 24

What are 2 types of intestinal motility patterns?

Answer 24

Peristalsis and segmentation

Question 25

Acute vomiting and diarrhea in dogs and cats often responds to conservative management such as

Answer 25

Witholding of food for 12-24 hours

Question 26

List two species that do not vomit

Answer 26

Rates and horses

Question 27

What is the mechanism of action of saline/hyperosmotic laxatives?

Answer 27

By retaining water osmotically in the gut, these agents cause softening of the stool.

Question 28

Direct cholinergic drugs stimulate the GI tract by what mechanism?

Answer 28

Mimicking the effect of acetylcholine

Question 29

A synthetican antibiotic/antiinflammatory agent used to treat giardiasis and anaerobic bacterial infections in animals is

Answer 29

Metronidazole

Question 30

T/F Stimulation of the parasympathetic portion of the ANS decreases gastric motility

Answer 30

FALSE

Question 31

About what percent of the stomach’s contents do emetics usually remove?

Answer 31

80%

Question 32

How does sucralfate work to treat/prevent gastric ulcers?

Answer 32

By forming a pastelike barrier over the surface of gastric ulcers

Question 33

Bismuth subsalicylate should be used with caution in what species?

Answer 33

Felines

Question 34

What species has no galbladder?

Answer 34

Equines