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Penn Foster Veterinary Pharmacology > Chapter 16 : Blood-Modifying, Antineoplastic, and Immunosuppressant Drugs > Flashcards

Chapter 16 : Blood-Modifying, Antineoplastic, and Immunosuppressant Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Formation of a linkage between a substance and DNA that causes irreversible inhibition of the DNA molecule

A

Alkylation

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2
Q

Capable of acting in several or all cell cycle phases

A

Cell cycle-nonspecific

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3
Q

Capable of acting during a specific cell cycle phase only

A

Cell cycle-specifc

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4
Q

Capable of destroying cells

A

Cytotoxic

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5
Q

Widespread formation of clots in the microscopic clood vessels of the circulatory system; occurs as a complication of a wide variety of disorders and consumes clotting factors, with resultant bleeding

A

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

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6
Q

The smooth layer of epithelial cells that line blood vessels

A

Endothelial layer

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7
Q

A glycoprotein secreted in the kidney; acts on stem cells in the bone marrow to stimulate RBC production

A

Erythropoeitin

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8
Q

Fibrin breakdown through the action of the enzyme plasmin

A

Fibrinolysis

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9
Q

A cell culture that consists of a clone of a hybrid cell formed by fusing cells of different types, such as stimulated mouse plasma cells and myeloma cells

A

Hybridoma

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10
Q

Generally refers to the transfer of cancer cells from one site to another

A

Metastasis

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11
Q

A malignant neoplasm of plasma cells (B lymphocytes)

A

Myeloma

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12
Q

Inhibition of bone marrow activity that results in decreased production of blood cells and platelets

A

Myelosuppression

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13
Q

A decreased number of platelets

A

Thrombocytopenia

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14
Q

The condition that occurs when thrombus material becomes dislodged and is transported by the bloodstream to another site

A

Thromboembolism

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15
Q

A clot in the circulatory system

A

Thrombus

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16
Q

A substance that causes blister formation

A

Vesicant

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17
Q

Anemia in baby pigs can be treated by the administration of

A

Iron compounds

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18
Q

A 10-year old cocker spaniel is brought in to the veterinary clinic with PUPD and mild anemia. What is a potential cause of these symptoms and what may be used to treat the anemia?

A

Chronic renal failure; eryhthropoeitin

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19
Q

Why are hematinics not indicated for cases of acute blood loss?

A

Because patient response doesn’t occur quickly enough

20
Q

What is the anticoagulant of choice for hematologic studies?

A

EDTA

21
Q

How can you explain the fact that clots may form in the vascular system with no external trauma to blood vessels?

A

Because of the existance of intrinsic clotting mechanism

22
Q

What drug would the veterinarian use to treat rat poison exposure and by what route?

A

Vitamin K; SQ or IM

23
Q

An 8 year old male feline is brought to the clinic with early onset rear leg paralysis and tachycardia. What agent may be used to treat this condition?

A

A fibrinolytic agent such as streptokinase

24
Q

<p>Briefly describe the phases of the cell cycle (5)</p>

A

<p>1) G0, resting

2) G1, presynthesis preparation
3) S, DNA synthesis
4) G2, RNA production
5) M, mitosis</p>

25
Q

<p>List the 6 categories of antineoplastic drugs and give an example of each</p>

A

<p>1) Alkylating agents: cyclophosphamide

2) anthracyclines: doxorubicin
3) antimetabolites: methotrexate
4) antitubulin agents: vinblastine
5) corticosteroids: prednisone
6) miscellaneous agents: cisplatin</p>

26
Q

<p>List 4 indications for the use of immunosuppressive agents</p>

A

<p>1) Treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia

2) treatment of lymphocytic–plasmacytic enteritis
3) treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
4) treatment of lupus erythematosus</p>

27
Q

Why should you be very careful to avoid extravasation of antineoplastic drugs?

A

Because most antineoplastic drugs are very irritating to tissue and may cause sloughing

28
Q

<p>List 8 precautions that should be taken when antineoplastic drugs are handled</p>

A

<p>1) Designate a specific location for handling

2) Wear nonpermeable latex gloves when handling
3) Cover work surfaces with a disposable, plastic-backed sheet.
4) Wear an appropriate laboratory coat and mask
5) Reconstitute all materials carefully to avoid aerosolization
6) Clean reconstituted material of any contamination, and properly mark and date it
7) Dispose of contaminated material in leak-proof, puncture-resistant containers
8) Wash hands thoroughly</p>

29
Q

____ digests fibrin threads and other clotting products to cause clot lysis and the release of fibrin degradation products into circulation

A

Plasmin

30
Q

Which anticoagulant may be used to treat DIC?

A

Heparin

31
Q

Why should heparin not be used as an anticoagulant when blood is collected for a differential?

A

It may distort WBCs

32
Q

How does EDTA work as an anticoagulant?

A

It chelates calcium

33
Q

What are some potential adverse effects associated with use of antineoplastic drugs?

A

Anaphylactic reactions, immunosuppression, vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss, cystitis, pain associated with administration, and tissue damage from extravasation

34
Q

On what dosage are most antineoplastic agents based?

A

Body surface area

35
Q

Corticosteroids have a lympholytic action which makes them useful for treating ____

A

lymphoid neoplasia

36
Q

A substance with antitumor, antivitral, and immunoregulatory effects is ____

A

Interferon

37
Q

Cardiomyopathy is a potential side effect of what antineoplastic agent?

A

Doxorubicin

38
Q

Alkylating Antineoplastic

A

Attaches an alkyl- group to DNA, inhibits DNA replication by preventing DNA from uncoiling and separating

39
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

An Alkylating Neoplastic Agent

40
Q

Anthracycline Antineoplastic

A

Intercalates with DNA and interferes with DNA metabolism and RNA production

41
Q

Doxorubicin

A

An Anthracycline Antineoplastic Agent

42
Q

Antimetabolite Antineoplastic

A

Interferes with DNA production and therefore cell division and tumor growth; impairs DNA replication machinery, either by incorporation of chemically altered nucleotides or by depleting the supply of deoxynucleotides needed for DNA replication and cell proliferation

43
Q

Methotrexate

A

An Antimetabolite Antineoplastic Agent

44
Q

Antitubulin Antineoplastic

A

Binds tubulin, thereby inhibiting the assembly of microtubules; Arrests cells in M phase

45
Q

Vinblastine

A

An Antitubulin Antineoplastic Agent

Penn Foster Veterinary Pharmacology (18 decks)

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