Chapter 9: Classification Of Emotions Flashcards
How did Robert plutchik classify emotions
He stated there are 8 primary emotions.
Combinations of these emotions can generate other emotions
Emotions can be combined to enrich the spectrum and experience of emotions
What are primary emotions
They are the emotions shared by people throughout the world regardless of culture.
What is the 4 criteria for identifying primary emotions
- must be evident in all cultures
- Must continue to survival
- Must be associated with a distinct facial expression
- Must be evident in non human species
What are secondary emotions
They can be considered the various combinations of primary emotions as influenced by the cultural background.
What are positive emotions and what are the benefits of them
They are emotions like joy which are experienced as pleasurable and rewarding.
They can create an urge to be creative, to explore to seek new experiences and to grow.
They encourage personal growth and social connections
A capacity for positive emotions is a basic human strength and leads to development of emotional intelligence.
What are negative emotions and the consequences thereof
They are emotions like sadness and are experienced as unpleasant.
Intense negative emotions lead to activation of sympathetic nervous system and the fight or flight response.
They can lead to physical illness
They can psychological problems
Explain the concept of emotion intensity
The intensity of emotions varies on a continuum ranging from extremely low to extremely high.
The intensity of feelings interact with our level of physiological arousal and the quality of the emotions you are experiencing
At a low level of psyco- physiological arousal the emotions experienced are of low intensity and would be experienced as neutral in the sense that it’s neither clearly pleasant nor unpleasant.
At a high level of psyco- physiological arousal emotions experience are usually high intensity and the quality can in most cases be clearly defined as either pleasant or unpleasant.
How are emotions shown internally and externally
Physiological changes are interal expression of emotions as there are subtle but distinct changes associated with specific emotions
Emotions expressed externally through words, non verbal communication like facial expressions, body language, gestures and tone of voice
Define emotions
Emotions are feelings that are clearly linked to the meaning of a particular situation.
The way in which people express describe define or recognise their emotions are related to several factors like the situation age gender and cultural factors
Define emotions according to coon
According to coon the word emotion means to move so the concept of emotion can be defined as a combination of physiological arousal ( heart rate blood pressure and other involuntary movements) combined with perceptual cognitive processes like thinking and subjective experience and observable behavioural expression ( crying or laughing)
What are the three components of emotions
Physiological
Cognitive perceptual
Behavioural
Describe the physiological component of emotion
Physiological arousal associated with emotions occur through the actions of the ANS which regulates the activities of glands, smooth muscle and blood vessels.
It consists of the SNS and PNS
When an emotion is experienced arousal increases and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activates the body for emergency. The arousal leads to purposeful bodily changes that improve chances of surviving an emergency.
When sudden intense emotion is experienced the effects may be strong enough to bring about a heart attack or death in older persons.
The parasympathetic nervous system PNS is used to reverse the effects of the SNS by lowering heart rate, restoring pupil size and blood pressure levels. It restores balance in the body and conserves energy.
Explain what parasympathetic rebound is
After a strong emotional shock or intense emotion and increased physiological arousal the PNS may over react where it continues to act even though balance had been restored. Depending on how severe it may lead to low blood pressure, dizziness fainting or death.
Describe the cognitive perceptual component of emotion
Emotions are highly personal and relate to subjective experience meaning emotional experience depends on the way you as a person as an individual interpret a situation.
Describe the behavioural component of emotion
Emotions are usually expressed in body language or non verbal behaviour. Bodily gestures and facial expressions are used to show a variety of basic emotions
Basic facial expressions for fear anger disgust sadness and happiness appear to be universal meaning that they are interpreted in the same way by all cultures.
