Chapter 28: Theories Of Intelligence Flashcards
According to Francis Galton a British scholar what did he suggest is the reason for intelligence
He proposed the biological intelligence Theory after studying families and concluded success runs in the family as intelligence is passed from one generation to the next through genetic inheritance. He believed contents of mind were based on sensations and people differed in terms of sensory perceptual and motor processes.
Galton coined which debate
He coined the nature Vs nurture debate about the contributions of hereditary and environment to intelligence. Nature refers to inherited component and nurture the affects the environment has on our intelligence.
Explain Charles Spearman’s theory of general intelligence
He based theory on research suggesting a strong relation between performance on different interlectual tasks and called this underlying factor general intelligence (g) he also acknowledged other factors play a role in specific tasks and called them specific factors Factors.
What Theory did Thurston suggest
He suggested the multiple factor theory where he identified 7 factors the he believed represent primary mental abilities
Verbal comprehension: ability to understand concepts verbally
General reasoning: ability to solve problems and plan
Word fluency: ability to speak and write fluently
Memory: ability to learn and remember info
Number ability: to work with number
Spatial ability: to represent things visually in space and to mentally manipulate them
Perception speed: ability to recognise objects and identify similarity and difference.
What theory did Guilford propose
He suggested that intellectual activity has 3 components
Operations which are ways brain deals with tasks
Content refers to different forms of mental representation
Products are the results of operations.
What is the multiple intelligence Theory
Gardner developed a theory of multiple intelligence which is an approach that defines intelligence in terms of mental abilities such as
Musical intelligence: compose appreciate and perform music
Bodily kinaesthetic intelligence: the movement of body or body parts like dancing
Logical mathematical intelligence: problem solving reasoning and numerical calculations
Linguistic intelligence: expressions and understanding of words in language
Spatial intelligence: organising object in space
Interpersonal intelligence: getting on with others
Intrapersonal intelligence: understanding ourselves and being on touch with our feelings
Naturalist intelligence: recognise understand and organise patterns and relationships in natural environment
Emotional intelligence: refers to the skills of understanding and evaluating our own and others emotions and using them constructively to attain goals.
Discuss the information processing approach
Known also as cognitive processing approach. Based on attentional information and planning processes which are considered as cognitive processing strategies that underlies intelligence. This approach focuses on how people use their intelligence.
What is Robert Sternberg theory of intelligence and what does it state
Because Robert Sternberg believed intelligent behaviour should be viewed as part of a situation or context he developed the triarchic theory of intelligence based on 3 aspects
Componential intelligence: refers to ways in which people process info such as processes used for planning which are mental processes that intelligent thought depends on.
Experiential intelligence: refers to ways a person’s past experiences contribute to knowledge and skills that are applied to real life situation. This allows people to meet demand of different situations based on their experience. The idea is that the more experience you the better equipped you are to cope with demands of unfamiliar situations.with experience you can learn to process info to perform a certain task automatically allowing you to give conscious attention to something else.
Contextual intelligence: refers to ability to adapt to real world situations and various contexts like culture. Certain acts may seem simple but in certain contexts may represent highly adaptive behaviour. Different forms of intelligent behaviour are valued in diff contexts.
Discuss the concept of heredity Vs environment
This lead to the nature Vs nurture debate which questions whether intelligence is determined by innate skills or whether it’s the results of environmental experience.
People who are closely related (genetically) attain similar IQ test scores. The closer the relationship the more similar the score.
People raised in similar environments obtain similar IQ test scores meaning that people who share same environment are exposed to same kinds of stimulation and support for development of skills that influence performance on intelligence tests.
What is the conclusion for the nature Vs nurture debate
Most psychologists believe heredity makes a major contribution to intelligence and agree environment affects intelligence. This means that both nature and nurture influence our intellectual ability. Genetic potential is present at birth and has a wide variation in genetic potential. Various environmental conditions can determine whether the person develop potential or not
Genetic factors determine potential and environmental factors activate it. Meaning heredity imposes an upper limit on intelligence even under ideal conditions.
