Chapter 41: Personality Concepts Flashcards
What is personology
It is personality theories that provide a way of describing explaining and predicting human behaviour.
Our behaviour depends on what influences
Biological factors Environmental stimuli Interpersonal situations Cultural and social factors Psychological and spiritual factors
What is personality
Personality is the sum of all the physical, psychological and spiritual characteristics that influence the behaviour of people
A person changes with time but personality characteristics remain relatively unchanged
A person’s personality doesn’t exist in isolation and personality is intergrated with other attributes to influence behaviour.
What is character
Refers to aspects of personality involving persons values and ability to behave according to those values. It implies that the person has been evaluated.
Character refers to persons moral attributes and values that are largely influenced by education and experience in social environments.
What is temperament
Refers more specifically to people’s emotions and the way in which they express them and deal with them. It can be defined as a person’s’ relatively consistent and distinctive emotional character moods and reaction style’s
It focuses on emotional aspects of a person’s biological and psychological self and referred to inherited biological aspects of the person. The way temperament is manifested in behaviour can be changed through learning and socialisation.
What are the 4 dimensions of temperament
General activity level : range from high activity to extreme passivity
Emotionality: range from easily upset to calm
Sociability: range from outgoing or gregarious to shy and aloof
Impulsivity: range from great deal of self control to lacking self control
What are traits
Stable qualities that remain consistent in various and changing situation. Traits are inferred from behaviour and can predict behaviour.
What is type:
Refers to people who have several traits in common. It’s a way of labelling one who has several key traits in common with others.
Carl Jung proposed the theory that a person is either introverted or extroverted.
What is self concept
Your self concept consists of ideas perceptions and feelings about who you are. We build self concept from daily experiences and revise them inlight of new experience. Once self concept is established it tends to shape way we see things and can affect our adjustment to life especially true when self concept is inaccurate or inadequate.
What is self esteem
It refers to the way we evaluate ourselves. a person with high self esteem is confident proud and self respecting. A person with low self esteem is very critical of the self insecure and lacks confidence.
Self esteem rises when we experience success and praised by others. Some may overestimate their own abilities and think highly of themselves without reason appearing arrogant. Those who function well are realistic about their own abilities and have accurate self knowledge.
