Chapter 3 Flashcards
What is thinking
Thinking refers to mentally processing information and is a complex process of transforming available information from perceptions and sensory information to form new representations.
What is perception
It is a form of knowing about the world around us based on info obtained from our sensory systems.
What is sensory information
It is compared with mental structure or internal representations so that the input is identified and can further guide our actions.
What are visual representation
They are the symbolic representations of concrete objects as well as abstract ideas
What are the 3 main symbol systems
Images
Concepts
Language
What are images and the Benefits of them
Images are the symbolic or mental representation of objects and their characteristics that have picture like qualities
They play important roles in our thoughts and help us think effectively.
Forming an image about something cab help us remember info about it as well as help remember unrelated things.
People use images to help solve problems by retrieving images stored in memory to apply to current problem.
What are concepts
They are a basic process in thinking and categorising experience where the categories we form as mental representation of groups of related items and are the building blocks of thinking that helps us to organise knowledge in a systematic way.
They can be related to physical objects
Abstract
Represent properties of objects
Refer to comparisons between objects
What is a conceptual hierarchy and the 3 levels it consists of
A conceptual hierarchy organises things from the general to specific and include the superordinate, intermediate and subordinate levels
What are concept rules
They are rules that help us decide whether or not something belongs to a certain concept.
What is a formal conceptual hierarchy
It is an exact definition or agreement about attributes in a objective sense which is know as the denotative meaning of concepts.
Personal meanings are ……
Personal meanings of concepts are called connotative meanings of concepts.
What are conceptual errors
They are the inaccurate use of concepts which leads to errors in thinking.
What are the consequences of conceptual errors
Oversimplification of a complex category can result in formation of stereotypes or rigid ways of thinking.
All or nothing or one dimensional thinking can lead to classification of things as extremes and not seeing the difference in between.
What is a prototype in terms of concepts
They are ideal models of concepts that help us identify things efficiently.
Define language
Language is defined as a system of symbols to represent thoughts and is used as a way of making sense of things as a means of communicating with others based on a shared system of meaning.
