Chapter 37: Memory Flashcards
What is memory
Memory is an active process that stores organises and retrieves information.memory involves encoding storage and retrieval.
What is encoding
It refers to the process of forming a memory code. When you form a memory code you remember what things looked like or what they meant.
What are the steps and strategies of encoding
Paying attention to and disregarding some info you don’t need decreases the amount of info making it more manageable. Attention is important as you focus on certain stimuli and events and filter out things that are unimportant.
- Ebaloration or linking one fact with another which is done by thinking of examples that illustrate an idea
- Using visual imagery can help create pictures or visual images of things you want to remember. You can use other forms like semantic code based on word meaning.
- Encoding is easier when you can make info personally meaningful. By applying the info to your own experience you likely to better remember it.
What is storage
It involves holding or maintaining information in memory store
What is sensory memory
Where info is kept in original sensory form for a short period so short that you only recognise an after image. We don’t remember everything from senses but info held long enough for part of it to be selected for longer Storage.
What is short term memory
Is a temporary store for small amounts of info which is encoded as sounds or images which is kept for approx 20s
What is rehearsal
It is repeatedly verbalising or thinking about the info and helps us remember and keep info in memory
What is the conditions of ST memory
The capacity for ST is limited and the golden rule stated we can process 7+-2 bits of info effectively which is between 5&9 bits of info. ST memory can be increased by breaking down large chucks of info into smaller chunks.
What is working memory and it’s components
Working memory helps us cope with new situations and to solve problems by allowing us to draw on and work with all kinds of info from memory. It’s components are
A phonological loop: allows access to verbal info or sounds.
A visuospatial sketchpad: allows manipulation of visual images
Executive control system: controls monitors and regulates the info needed for reasoning and problem solving.
Long term knowledge store: ability to access LT memory to use in problem solving.
What is long term memory
Is the store where info is held for long periods of time where the storage capacity is unlimited. We select info to store I’m LT memory on basis of its meaning and importance of that info.
What is declarative memory and it’s 2 types
Declarative memory system refers to the store of explicit factual info like names places facts and events. We consciously think about facts in declarative memory which is also called explicit memory.
Semantic memory refers to the store of general knowledge as well as meaning of words and relation between words and concepts.
Episodic memory refers to the remembering events and personal experience that are related to specific times.
What is non declarative memory
Non declarative memory system deals with action perceptual motor skills conditioned responses and implicit memories. It’s also called procedural or implicit memory. This memory for procedural or perceptual motor skills is mainly unconscious in the sense that we aren’t consciously aware of it.
What is retrieval
Describes the process of getting stored info out of memory. It is made easier when we have cues or stimuli that help us access our memories. The top of the tongue phenomenon refers to temporary inability to remember something we are sure we know.
What is one way to aid retrieval
Re creating the context of whatever we trying to remember can provide cues to help these are called context cues.
What is forgetting
It refers to process of being unable to retrieve the info we have stored in memory which can be due to encoding problems, storage problems and retrieval