Chapter 9: Cell Division

Question 1

• occurs in many plants and protists and some animals

- used in Mitosis

Answer 1

vegetative or asexual reproduction

Question 2

splitting or dividing into two parts

Answer 2

binary fission

Question 3

(a growth process) divides the replicated DNA equally and precisely, generating daughter cells which are exact genetic copies of the parent cell

Answer 3

mitosis

Question 4

the number of chromosomes sets in a cell or species

Answer 4

ploidy

Question 5

some microorganisms have only one copy of each type of chromosome in their nuclei

Answer 5

haploid

Question 6

many plant species, have three, four, or even more complete sets of chromosomes in each cell

Answer 6

polyploid

Question 7

• two chromosomes of each pair in a diploid cell

- one is from the mother, the other from the father

Answer 7

homologous chromosomes

Question 8

(a process of sexual reproduction) produces daughter nuclei with half the number of chromosomes of the parenta nucleus
-genetic variation

Answer 8

Meiosis

Question 9

an image of a complete set of metaphase chromosomes, arranged according to size and shape

Answer 9

karyotype

Question 10

the cell grows

interphase

Answer 10

G1 phase

Question 11

DNA replicates and chromosomal proteins are duplicated (interphase)

Answer 11

S phase

Question 12

cell growth continues and the cell prepares for mitosis (interphase)

Answer 12

G2 phase

Question 13

non dividing cells can also enter into a special phase

Answer 13

G0 phase

Question 14

the cell cycle?

Answer 14

M (mitosis) phase, G1, S, G2, G0

Question 15

two identical copies

Answer 15

sister chromatids

Question 16

the equal distribution of chromosomes into each of two daughter nuclei

Answer 16

chromosome segregation

Question 17

chromosomes replication and segregation in the mitotic cell cycle creates a group of genetically identical cells

Answer 17

clones of the original cell

Question 18

phases of mitosis in order?

Answer 18

prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

Question 19

DNA condenses into chromosomes

Answer 19

prophase

Question 20

chromosomes line up along cell equator

Answer 20

metaphase

Question 21

sister chromatids of each chromosome pulled to opposite poles of cell

Answer 21

anaphase

Question 22

nuclear membrane reforms around separated chromosomes

Answer 22

telophase

Question 23

cytoplasm and plasma membranes of 2 new cells divide

Answer 23

cytokinesis

Question 24

spindle microtubules grow from centrosomes at opposite spindle poles toward the center of the cell

Answer 24

prometaphase

Question 25

forms on each sister chromatid at the centromere

Answer 25

kinetochore

Question 26

the point where chromatids are joined

Answer 26

centromere

Question 27

the centrosome contains a pair of these which are duplicated and divided

Answer 27

centrioles

Question 28

in plants, this forms between the daughter nuclei and grows laterally until it divides the cytoplasm in two

Answer 28

cell plate