Chapter 8: Photosynthesis Overview

Question 1

the energy source for nearly all of Earth’s ecosystems

Answer 1

Photosynthesis

Question 2

producers that create energy from inorganic materials and light or chemical energy

Answer 2

autotrophs

Question 3

obtain organic molecules by consuming autotrophs or other heterotrophs

Answer 3

heterotrophs

Question 4

autotrophs that use light as the energy source to make organic molecules by photosynthesis

Answer 4

photoautotrophs

Question 5

large vesicles that perform specialized functions unique to plants

Answer 5

central vacuoles

Question 6

• surrounds the central vacuole

- contains transport proteins that move substances into and out of the central vacuole

Answer 6

tonoplast

Question 7

cell wall that is relatively soft and flexible

Answer 7

primary cell wall

Question 8

cell wall that consists of additional layers of cellulose fibers and branched carbohydrates laid down between the primary wall and the plasma membrane

Answer 8

secondary cell wall

Question 9

the walls of adjacent cells are held together by a layer of polysaccharides

Answer 9

middle lamella

Question 10

plasma membrane-lines channels that connect the cytosols of adjacent cells

Answer 10

plasmodesmata

Question 11

yellow green plastids-the sites of photosynthesis in plant cells

Answer 11

chloroplasts

Question 12

colorless plastids that store starch, a product of photosynthesis

Answer 12

amyloplasts

Question 13

contain red and yellow pigments and are responsible for the colors of ripening fruits or autumn leaves

Answer 13

chromoplasts

Question 14

• chloroplasts surrounded by these

- completely enclose an inner compartment, the stroma

Answer 14

inner and outer boundary membrane

Question 15

within the stroma is a third membrane system consisting of flattened, closed sacs

Answer 15

thylakoids

Question 16

thylakoids are stacked

Answer 16

grana

Question 17

green pigment that absorbs light energy and converts it to chemical energy in photosynthesis

Answer 17

chlorophyll

Question 18

• energy of sunlight is absorbed and converted into chemical energy
• NADPH carries electrons that are pushed to high energy levels by absorbed light

Answer 18

light-dependent reactions

Question 19

-electrons in NADPH are used as a source of energy to convert inorganic CO2 to an organic form

Answer 19

light-dependent reactions (Calvin Cycle)