Chapter 5: Cells Flashcards
- all organisms are composed of one or more cells
- the cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms
- cells arise only from the division of preexisting cells
cell theory
to see cells and the structures within them we use what?
microscopes
use light to illuminate the specimen
light microscopes
use electrons to illuminate the specimen
electron microscopes
the ratio of the object as viewed to its real size
magnification
the minimum distance that two points in the specimen can be separated and still be seen as two points
resolution
- nucleoid region has no boundary membrane
- many species of bacteria have few internal membranes
prokaryotes
- nucleus is separated from the surrounding cytoplasm by membranes
- cytoplasm typically contains extensive membrane systems that form organelles
eukaryotes
between the plasma membrane and the central region contains cytosol and cytoskeleton
cytoplasm
an aqueous solution containing ions, various organic molecules, and organelles
cytosol
maintains cell shape and plays key roles in cell division and chromosome segregation
cytoskeleton
assemble amino acids into proteins
ribosomes
when the glycocalyx is loosely associated with the cells
slime ayer
when the glycocalyx is firmly attached with the cells
capsule
- specialized to carry out functions of energy metabolism and molecular synthesis, storage, and transport
- in cytoplasm
membranous organelles