Chapter 5: Cells Flashcards

1
Q
  1. all organisms are composed of one or more cells
  2. the cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms
  3. cells arise only from the division of preexisting cells
A

cell theory

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2
Q

to see cells and the structures within them we use what?

A

microscopes

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3
Q

use light to illuminate the specimen

A

light microscopes

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4
Q

use electrons to illuminate the specimen

A

electron microscopes

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5
Q

the ratio of the object as viewed to its real size

A

magnification

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6
Q

the minimum distance that two points in the specimen can be separated and still be seen as two points

A

resolution

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7
Q
  • nucleoid region has no boundary membrane

- many species of bacteria have few internal membranes

A

prokaryotes

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8
Q
  • nucleus is separated from the surrounding cytoplasm by membranes
  • cytoplasm typically contains extensive membrane systems that form organelles
A

eukaryotes

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9
Q

between the plasma membrane and the central region contains cytosol and cytoskeleton

A

cytoplasm

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10
Q

an aqueous solution containing ions, various organic molecules, and organelles

A

cytosol

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11
Q

maintains cell shape and plays key roles in cell division and chromosome segregation

A

cytoskeleton

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12
Q

assemble amino acids into proteins

A

ribosomes

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13
Q

when the glycocalyx is loosely associated with the cells

A

slime ayer

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14
Q

when the glycocalyx is firmly attached with the cells

A

capsule

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15
Q
  • specialized to carry out functions of energy metabolism and molecular synthesis, storage, and transport
  • in cytoplasm
A

membranous organelles

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