Chapter 7: Cellular Respiration, Part 1

Question 1

collection of metabolic reactions that breaks down food molecules to produce energy in the form of ATP

Answer 1

cellular respiration

Question 2

• form of cellular respiration in eukaryotes and many prokaryotes
• Oxygen is a reactant in the ATP producing process

Answer 2

aerobic respiration

Question 3

• form of cellular respiration in some prokaryotes

- a molecule other than oxygen, such as sulfate or nitrate, is used in the ATP-producing process

Answer 3

anaerobic respiration

Question 4

animals, plants, fungi, and most protists depend on mitochondria for energy to grow and survive

Answer 4

mitochondrion

Question 5

• the removal of electrons from a substance

- the substance from which the electrons are removed is oxidized

Answer 5

oxidation

Question 6

• the addition of electrons to a substance

- the substance that receives the electrons is reduced

Answer 6

reduction

Question 7

reactions that remove electrons from a donor molecule and simultaneously add them to an acceptor molecule

Answer 7

redox reactions

Question 8

• enzymes break a 6-carbon molecule of glucose into two 3-carbon molecules of pyruvate
• some ATP is synthesized by substrate-level phosphorylation

Answer 8

1. glycolysis

Question 9

an enzyme catalyzed reaction tha transfers a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP

Answer 9

2. substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 10

• enzymes convert the 3-carbon pyruvate into a 2-carbon acetyle group, which enters the citric acid cycle and is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide
• some ATP is synthesized during the citric acid cycle

Answer 10

3. pyruvate oxidation

Question 11

• high energy electrons are delivered to oxygen by a sequence of electron carriers in the electron transfer system
• free energy released by electron glow generates an H+ gradient by chemiosmosis
• ATP synthase uses the H+ gradient as the energy source to make ATP

Answer 11

4. oxidative phosphorylation