Chapter 1: Evolution Life on Earth Flashcards
smallest unity with the capacity to live and reproduce, independently or as part of a multicellular organism
Cell
the branch of science concerned with classification, especially of organisms; systematics
Taxonomy
Most inclusive group?
Domain
put in order from most to least.
family, phylum, kingdom, class, species, genus, order
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
includes all populations of individuals that have very similar structure, biochemistry, and behavior, and can successfully interbreed
species
a group of similar species that share recent common ancestry
genus
Scientific name.
First part identifies what?
Second part?
genus, a species within that genus
Eukarya
Domain
Animalia
Kingdom
Chordata
Phylum
Mammalia
Class
Primates
Order
Hominidae
Family
Homo Sapiens
Species
Homo
Genus
What did Charles Darwin study?
evolution of finches
Example: pigeon breeders who wished to promote a certain characteristic in animal
artificial selection
Example: pigeons that find a characteristic that is desirable and breed in nature
natural selection
the origin and inheritance of new variations arise from the structure and variability of DNA
genes
variability among individuals arises through random changes in the structure, number or arrangement of DNA molecules
mutations
favorable mutations may produce characteristics that help an organism survive
adaptations
biologists use DNA and other biological molecules to construct this illustration
phylogenetic trees
bacteria and archea, dNA in their cells is not separated from other cellular components
prokaryotes
the eukarya, dNA is enclosed in a separate structure (nucleus) within the cells
eukaryotes
specialized internal compartments within the cell
organelles
which domain?
- microscopic unicellular organisms
- found everywhere on earth
- metabolic processes
domain bacteria
which domain?
- microscopic unicellular ogranisms
- inhabit extreme environments
- distinctive structural molecules
domain archea
which domain?
- actually represent several kingdoms
- includes a variety of unicellular and multicellular organisms such as protozoa and algae
domain eukarya, kingdom protoctista
which domain?
- mostly photosythetic multicellular organisms
- producers such as flowering plants, conifers, and mosses
domain eukarya, kingdom plantae
which domain?
decomposers that breakdown and absorb biological molecules from dead organisms
-includes yeasts and molds
domain eukarya, kingdom fungi
which domain?
- multicellular consumers
- move actively from one place to another during some stage of their life cycles
domain eukarya, kingdom animalia
