Chapter 9 Adolescence: Body and Mind Flashcards
Puberty time peroid
time between the first onrush of hormones and full adult physical development
menarche
12 years 4 months
spermarche
13 years 8 months
sex organs
ovaries and testicles
sex hormones
estrogen and testosterone
rising cortisol levels at puberty increase the
likelihood of anger or frustration
emotions do what to homrones
increase
what rhythm changes at puberty
circadian
day night cycle of biological activity that occurs approximately every
24 hours
eveningness
some individuals naturally more alert in morning
statistics of high school seniors sleep deprived
3/4
lymbic system is affected by
hormones
lymbic system grows
rapidly
prefrontal cortex matures
gradually
gray matter
cell bodies of neurons
why is it good that gray matter is reduced
due to pruning and increase in white matter
white matter
axons allowing for connections
boys vs girls of puberty
girls 2 years before
height spurt boys vs girls
girls before menarche
boys after spermarche
body fat advances puberty in girls but what about boys
not always
emotional stress precipitates
puberty
by age 17 what is the BMI difference between genders
female 2x
what skin and hair changes occur
acne
courser and darker hair
diet of high school students
less healthy diets
eating choices and patterns are often influenced by perceptions of
negative body image
which gender struggles with body image
females more
eating disorders for females
diet pills
- restriction
eating disorder for makes
steroids
- muscle
anorexia nervosa
self starvation
underweight
sometimes purging
bulimia nervosa
binge eating and purging
purging = sense of relief
binge eating
no purge
frequent binges
primary sex characteristics
parts of the body that are directly involved in reproduction
(uterus, ovaries, testicles, penis)
secondly sex characteristics
not directly involved in reproduction but indicates sexual maturity
(facial hair, body shape, breasts)
percent of high school seniors who have had sex
56-58%
who are moreexpericned in high school
boys
sexual abuse
any sexual activity between a juvenile and an adult
what is the most common way of sexual abuse
most adolescent know the abuser
(parent, sibling, step parent)
STI
any infection transmitted through sexual contact
what age group represents half of US STI cases
15-25
adolescent egocentrism
thinking that leads to focus on self to exclusion of others
can develop into self consiousness
rumination
obsessive thinking about self focused concerns
imaginary audiences
believing others are watching and taking note of apperence, ideas and behaviors, creates self consousness or center stage
personal fabel
belief that their thoughts, feelings, and experiences are more wonderful or awful than others
invincibility fable
conviction that one cannot be harmed by anything
- poor judgement
formal operational thought
imagine all posible detminants
use more systematic logic
think about abstract ideas
deductive reasoning
top down
duck= feathers, beak, webbed feet
inductive reasoning
bottom up
(ingretieents)
feathers, beak, webbed feet = duck
dual processing
two networks exist within the human brain
intuitive
analytical
intuitive thought
arises from an emotion or a hunch
beyond rational explanation
analytic thought
analysis
systematic ranking of pros and cons
logic
do adolescents act too quickly
yes
secondly education
peroid after primary education and before tertiary education
world wide what is the percent not enrolled in secondary school
36-36%
when teachers are valued
helps students learn
what happens academically in middle school
achievement slows down
what happens behaviorally in middle school
problems increase
what happens developmentally in middle school
developmentally regressive
how much children learn in school correlates with
how engaged they are
what race/ethnic groups have the highest decline in liking school
African american
Latinx
Native American
why might enegament drop for some groups
if they do not see someone successful in their life (ex: teacher) that is similar to them they can be unenageded
factors leading to cyberbullying
self consiocuness
immature prefrontal cortext
prevalence of smart phones and computers
what percent of high school graduates do not enter college
1/3
adolescents need to be
educated for life
what is a stereotype threat
socially premised psychological threat that arises when one is in a situation or doing something for which a negative stereotype about ones group applies
example of stereotype threat
asians are good at math= will do better
girls are bad at math = will do poorer
first observable sign of puberty for girls is
nipple growth
first menstral peroid
menarche
spermarche
first ejactulation of seminal fluid
what other organ does the pituitary gland acitvate
gonads
hormones correlate with
physiological chages
brain restricting
emotions
self reported development
a rise in what makes adolescents quick to react with passion, fury, shame, or ecstasy
cortisol
social media and web surfing are particularly stimulating of
the brain
adolsectn sleep deprivation causes a
cascade of intellectual, behavioral, and health porblems
stress hastens
puberty
puberty is influenced by
genes
hormones
body fat
stress
why is early puberty problematic
increase rate of emotional and behavioral problems
health problems
delayed puberty can be a sign of
sickle cell
because of egocentrism emotions are not
grounded to reality
top down
dectuctive
bottom up
inductive
gender intensification
believing that certain jobs are best filled by men and others by women
does age or intelligence make a adolescent more logical
no
secondary grades
7-12
PISA
measure 15 year olds ability to apply what they have learned
where do US schools score on the PISA
lower
stereotype threat
when someone holds a stereotype that someone else holds a stereotype about them
