Chapter 9 Adolescence: Body and Mind Flashcards
1
Q
Puberty time peroid
A
time between the first onrush of hormones and full adult physical development
2
Q
menarche
A
12 years 4 months
3
Q
spermarche
A
13 years 8 months
4
Q
sex organs
A
ovaries and testicles
5
Q
sex hormones
A
estrogen and testosterone
6
Q
rising cortisol levels at puberty increase the
A
likelihood of anger or frustration
7
Q
emotions do what to homrones
A
increase
8
Q
what rhythm changes at puberty
A
circadian
9
Q
day night cycle of biological activity that occurs approximately every
A
24 hours
10
Q
eveningness
A
some individuals naturally more alert in morning
11
Q
statistics of high school seniors sleep deprived
A
3/4
12
Q
lymbic system is affected by
A
hormones
13
Q
lymbic system grows
A
rapidly
14
Q
prefrontal cortex matures
A
gradually
15
Q
gray matter
A
cell bodies of neurons
16
Q
why is it good that gray matter is reduced
A
due to pruning and increase in white matter
17
Q
white matter
A
axons allowing for connections
18
Q
boys vs girls of puberty
A
girls 2 years before
19
Q
height spurt boys vs girls
A
girls before menarche
boys after spermarche
20
Q
body fat advances puberty in girls but what about boys
A
not always
21
Q
emotional stress precipitates
A
puberty
22
Q
by age 17 what is the BMI difference between genders
A
female 2x
23
Q
what skin and hair changes occur
A
acne
courser and darker hair
24
Q
diet of high school students
A
less healthy diets
25
eating choices and patterns are often influenced by perceptions of
negative body image
26
which gender struggles with body image
females more
27
eating disorders for females
diet pills
- restriction
28
eating disorder for makes
steroids
- muscle
29
anorexia nervosa
self starvation
underweight
sometimes purging
30
bulimia nervosa
binge eating and purging
purging = sense of relief
31
binge eating
no purge
frequent binges
32
primary sex characteristics
parts of the body that are directly involved in reproduction
(uterus, ovaries, testicles, penis)
33
secondly sex characteristics
not directly involved in reproduction but indicates sexual maturity
(facial hair, body shape, breasts)
34
percent of high school seniors who have had sex
56-58%
35
who are moreexpericned in high school
boys
36
sexual abuse
any sexual activity between a juvenile and an adult
37
what is the most common way of sexual abuse
most adolescent know the abuser
(parent, sibling, step parent)
38
STI
any infection transmitted through sexual contact
39
what age group represents half of US STI cases
15-25
40
adolescent egocentrism
thinking that leads to focus on self to exclusion of others
can develop into self consiousness
41
rumination
obsessive thinking about self focused concerns
42
imaginary audiences
believing others are watching and taking note of apperence, ideas and behaviors, creates self consousness or center stage
43
personal fabel
belief that their thoughts, feelings, and experiences are more wonderful or awful than others
44
invincibility fable
conviction that one cannot be harmed by anything
- poor judgement
45
formal operational thought
imagine all posible detminants
use more systematic logic
think about abstract ideas
46
deductive reasoning
top down
duck= feathers, beak, webbed feet
47
inductive reasoning
bottom up
(ingretieents)
feathers, beak, webbed feet = duck
48
dual processing
two networks exist within the human brain
intuitive
analytical
49
intuitive thought
arises from an emotion or a hunch
beyond rational explanation
50
analytic thought
analysis
systematic ranking of pros and cons
logic
51
do adolescents act too quickly
yes
52
secondly education
peroid after primary education and before tertiary education
53
world wide what is the percent not enrolled in secondary school
36-36%
54
when teachers are valued
helps students learn
55
what happens academically in middle school
achievement slows down
56
what happens behaviorally in middle school
problems increase
57
what happens developmentally in middle school
developmentally regressive
58
how much children learn in school correlates with
how engaged they are
59
what race/ethnic groups have the highest decline in liking school
African american
Latinx
Native American
60
why might enegament drop for some groups
if they do not see someone successful in their life (ex: teacher) that is similar to them they can be unenageded
61
factors leading to cyberbullying
self consiocuness
immature prefrontal cortext
prevalence of smart phones and computers
62
what percent of high school graduates do not enter college
1/3
63
adolescents need to be
educated for life
64
what is a stereotype threat
socially premised psychological threat that arises when one is in a situation or doing something for which a negative stereotype about ones group applies
65
example of stereotype threat
asians are good at math= will do better
girls are bad at math = will do poorer
66
first observable sign of puberty for girls is
nipple growth
67
first menstral peroid
menarche
68
spermarche
first ejactulation of seminal fluid
69
what other organ does the pituitary gland acitvate
gonads
70
hormones correlate with
physiological chages
brain restricting
emotions
self reported development
71
a rise in what makes adolescents quick to react with passion, fury, shame, or ecstasy
cortisol
72
social media and web surfing are particularly stimulating of
the brain
73
adolsectn sleep deprivation causes a
cascade of intellectual, behavioral, and health porblems
74
stress hastens
puberty
75
puberty is influenced by
genes
hormones
body fat
stress
76
why is early puberty problematic
increase rate of emotional and behavioral problems
health problems
77
delayed puberty can be a sign of
sickle cell
78
because of egocentrism emotions are not
grounded to reality
79
top down
dectuctive
80
bottom up
inductive
81
gender intensification
believing that certain jobs are best filled by men and others by women
82
does age or intelligence make a adolescent more logical
no
83
secondary grades
7-12
84
PISA
measure 15 year olds ability to apply what they have learned
85
where do US schools score on the PISA
lower
86
stereotype threat
when someone holds a stereotype that someone else holds a stereotype about them
87
