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Developmental Psychology > Chapter 2 The Beginnings: From Conception to Birth > Flashcards

Chapter 2 The Beginnings: From Conception to Birth Flashcards

1
Q

what chromosome is smaller

A

Y

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1
Q

how many pairs of chromosomes

A

23 pairs

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2
Q

what special gene does Y carry

A

SRY

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3
Q

what does. SRY gene do

A

activates hormones to grow a penis

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4
Q

Y comes from the

A

father

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5
Q

Each reproductive cell is called a

A

gamete

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6
Q

when two gametes combine they create one new cell called a

A

zygote

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7
Q

what is the only cell In the human body that does not contain all of the persons chromosomes

A

gamete

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8
Q

genome

A

entire packet of instructions to make a living organism

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9
Q

allele

A

any variation within a gene

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10
Q

alleles can be

A

crucial

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11
Q

epigenegtics

A

the many aspects of the science of how the environment affects genetic expression

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12
Q

genotype

A

all the genetic material that the 46 chromosomes carry
inherited and passed down

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13
Q

can you tell the genotype by looking at someone

A

no

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14
Q

phenotype

A

actually appearance and manifest behavior of a person

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15
Q

every genotype produces ______ phenotypes

A

many

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16
Q

methylation

A

when methyl surrounding each gene enhances, transcribes, connects, empowers, silences, and alters genetic interactions

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17
Q

microbiome

A

refers to all the microbes that live within every part of the body

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18
Q

copy number variations

A

genes with repeats or deletions of base pairs

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19
Q

interactions among genes and alleles are often called

A

additive
* because their effects add up to influence the phenotype

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20
Q

alleles can be

A

dominant or recessive

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21
Q

a person is called a carrier of the recessive gene when

A

it is on the genotype but not the phenotype

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22
Q

almost every trait is polygenic

A

meaning many genes

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23
Q

monozygotic twins

A

identical
* zygote splits

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24
dizygotic
fraternal * female released 2 eggs
25
who are more likely to have two ova released with a cycle
older women
26
identical twins are always the same
sex
27
3 stages of prenatal development
germinal embryonic fetal
28
germinal time line
first 2 weeks
29
embryonic period
3-8
30
fetal time peroid
8 to birth
31
2 distinct parts in the germinal phase
shell-placental nucleus- embryo
32
first task of the shell is
implantation
33
day 14 what appears
primitive streak
34
what is a primitive streak
neural tube
35
when is it called a fetus
beginning of 9 to birth
36
age of viability
when a fetus born far too early might survive
37
what is the age of viability
around 22 weeks
38
when can the infant recognize the mother
day or two after birth
39
fontanels
areas on top of newborn head where the skull bones have not yet fused
40
three chromosomes at particular location
trisomy
41
3 chromosomes at 13th site
patau syndrome
42
3 chromosomes at 18th
Edwards syndrome
43
3 chromosomes at 21 site
down syndrome
44
Down syndrome middle age at risk for
alzheimers disease
45
one sex chromosome at 23rd site
turner sundrome
46
examples of dominant disorders
muscular dystrophy marfan syndrome huntingonts
47
examples of recessive conditions
hemophilia fragile X sundrime
48
fragile X syndrome
more than 200 repetitions on one stretch of gene
49
nurture begins at
prenatal
50
teratogen
anything that increases risk of prenatal abnormalities and birth complications * drugs, viruses, pollutants, malnutrition, stress
51
some teratogens cause damage only during
critical peroid
52
many teratogens have a threshold effect
virtually harmless until exposure reaches a certain level
53
drinking can lead to
fetal alcohol syndrome (early) fetal alcohol effect (later)
54
folic acid deficient can lead to
spina bifida
55
low birth weight
under 2,500 grams
56
being underweight at birth has lifelong consequences including
heart disease, less education, more obesity
57
what is the most common reason for low birth weight
malnutrition 2nd is drugs 3rd is multiple births
58
immigrant paradox
newborns of immigrant women tend to be heavier and healthier than those born to native born women of the same SES
59
two conditions that produce heavier babies
obesity and diabetes
60
what hormone starts labor
oxytocin
61
what is considered full term
2 weeks before or after due date
62
doula
person trained to support laboring woman * proven helpful to immigrant, low income, unpartnered women
63
C section
surgical procedure removed through abdomen
64
newborn health is often measured by
Apgar scale * color, heart rate, cry, muscle tone, breathing
65
postpartum depression usually recovers in
6 months
66
couvade
parental experiences of pregnancy and birth
67
precent of c section
21%
68
similar genes humans share
99%
69
genes
genetic material/DNA which influences some specific aspect of development
70
chromosomes
organized chain of genes
71
22 of chromosome pairs are
autosomes
72
23rd pair of chromosomes are
sex linked
73
female chromosome
XX
74
male chromosome
XY
75
sperm and ova are
gametes
76
how many chromosomes do gametes have
23
77
zygote
2 combined gametes
78
how to determine sex of zygote
whether the fathers Y or X sperm is fertilized
79
genome
all genetic material
80
allele
any variation that makes a gene different in some way from other genes for that same characteristic
81
genotype
genetic inheritance
82
phenotype
observable characteristics
83
some of the ways in which nurture influences phenotype
methylation microbiome social experiments
84
single genes
influence specific phenotypes
85
copy number variations
genes with repeats or deletions of base pairs
86
proximodistal
growth from areas close to the center of the body to farthest
87
cephalocaudal
growth from head to tail
88
downsyndrome site
21
89

Developmental Psychology (13 decks)

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