Chapter 7 Middle Childhood: Body and Mind Flashcards
age of middle childhood
6-11
how is growth during this time peroid
slow and steady
how many inches per year
2
how many pounds per year
5
physical activity benefits can last how long
life long
what types of motor skills continue to mature
fine motor skills
embodied cognition
the idea that our sensorimotor actions are closely linked to our thinking
how is obesity related to income
obesity increased and income decreases
what is something internal that can affect children’s weight
microbiome
what is something external that can affect children’s weight
social context
cultural patterns
breathing problems or asthma leads to
school absence and limit peer interactions
what is developed in the concrete thought stage
reason logically
classification
logical principle that things can be organized into groups
seriation
things can be arranged in series
EX: alphabet
memory
taking information in
having someway to store it
retrieve it
working memory
consious mental activity
what memory is important in learning to read
working memory
growing knowledge base and memory, what type is this
long term
knowledge base facilitates more easily remembered and understood
new informaiton
what aspect of language continues to advance
every aspect
what type of language can know be understood
jokes
pragmatics
ability to use certain words in certain contexts
EX: talking with friend vs teacher
in the first 3 years of life is there change sin brain of monolingual children
no
immersion
instruction entirely in new language
bilingual education
taught in both languages
ensligh as a second language
all non English are in one group
first language only
don’t attempt to change langauge
teach in original language
what type of teaching is rare in us
first language instruction
who tend to fall further behind each year
ELL
ELL
English language learners
what is the relationship between academic and SES
positive
what might be a crucial factor between academic achievement and SES
language
3 R’s
reading
writing
arrythmatic
how does education differ in USA
in most nations there is national curriculum
how is education cirucculim in USA
carries based on state
where is USA schools funded through
each state or district
hidden curriculum
within a school that influence what children learn, not formally prescribed, but instructive to children
examples of hidden curriculum
student government
physical surroundings
sports
sometimes the hidden curriculum determines the overt
curriculum
when might education seem irrelevant
when teacher gender, ethnicity, or economic background is unlike students
learning increases when
teachers demonstrate all students can learn and teach accordingly
two different types of mindsets
fixed and growth
benefits of growth mindset
life long love if learning
improved career success
evolution outside of classroom
dangers of fixed mindset
insecurity
laser focus on perfection
stagnation
are USA in top 12 in international learning
no
USA has the largest disparity nbetween
incomes and ethnic group test scores
physical disabtilies
1 percent
brain disabilities
10-20
comorbitidy
more than one issue
abnormality is
normal
disability changes
year by year
plasticity and compensation are part of
human nature
diagnosis and treatment reflect the
social context
aptitude
capacity or potential to learn
achievement
what has already been mastered
IQ tests measure
aptitude
what do IQ tests suggest
intelligence is singular
if aptitude is average or higher and achievement is low
that suggests something int he environment slows down learning
aptitude tests do not reelect
neurodiversity
is intelligence fixed at birth
no
what produce variations in brain processing
genes and experiences
neurodiversity
each person has neurological strengths and weaknesses that should be appreciated
how many intelligences did Gardner create
ninth
gardner thought that schools are
too narrow
linguistic
words
logical mathematical
numbers
musical
singing
spatial
understanding
bodily kinesthetic
moving the body well
interpersonal
emotions of other people
intrapersonal
emotions of oneself
naturalistic
nature
spiritual.existential
religious
ADHD characteristics
inattention
impulsive
active
why might boys be more diagnosed
hyperactivity
girl are more
inattentiveness
how is ADHD diagnosed
extensive
dyslexia
reading
dyscalculia
math
dysgraphia
writing
autism spectrum disorder
social communication and interaction and restricted repectivie patterns of behavior interests or activities
why was there an increase in autistic
diagnosis increased
is autism a spectrum
yes
inclusion class
general classroom (least restrictive enviotbment)
what might happen with special education
diagnosis and intervention occur too late or not at all wait to fail
both acceleration and how schooling led to
later social problems
selective attention
concentrating on some stimuli while ignoring others
visual spatial memory
better at seeing shapes and objects and remembering what they had seen
pester power
ability to get adults to do what they want
hygiene hypothesis
immune system needs to tangle with microbes when we are young
concrete operaiton logic allows children to understand
math
crucial to memory is not merely storage but also
retrieval
nations seek not only more education but also
more effective educaiton
are charter schools public
yes
are charter schools exempt from some regulations
yes
plastiticyt
skills improve specific practice
