Chapter 4 The First Two Years: The Social World

Question 1

Primary emotions

Answer 1

happiness
sadness
fear
anger
surprise
disgust

Question 2

how do primary emotions come about

Answer 2

innate and universal

Question 3

crying indicates

Answer 3

hurt
Hungry
tired
frightened

Question 4

what are some special cases of crying

Answer 4

colic
reflux

Question 5

when do you see an increase in crying

Answer 5

2nd to 6th

Question 6

social smiling starts when

Answer 6

6 weeks

Question 7

how is social smile evoked

Answer 7

viewing human faces

Question 8

Anger is expressed at what age

Answer 8

6 months

Question 9

is anger a healthy or unhealthy response to frustration

Answer 9

healthy

Question 10

sadness indicates what rather than a bid for help

Answer 10

withdrawl

Question 11

sadness is accompanied by increased production of

Answer 11

cortisol

Question 12

fear age

Answer 12

9 mo

Question 13

fear is reasponse to

Answer 13

people, things, situations

Question 14

stranger wariness

Answer 14

infant no longer smiles at any friendly face but cries or looks frightened when an unfamiliar person moves to close

Question 15

separation anxiety age

Answer 15

1 year to 2 years

Question 16

temper tantrums

Answer 16

strong bursts of primary emotions, anger, then sadness

Question 17

secondary emotions invlove

Answer 17

awareness of others/social awareness

Question 18

examples of secondary emotions

Answer 18

pride
shame
embarrassment
guilt
jealousy

Question 19

self awareness

Answer 19

persons realization that he or she is distinct individual whose body, mind, and actions are separate from those of other people

Question 20

mirror recognition age

Answer 20

15-24 month

Question 21

is temperament inborn

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

temperament is a response to

Answer 22

enviornment

Question 23

is temperament stable across time and situations

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

temperamental traits are

Answer 24

genetic

Question 25

personality traits are

Answer 25

learned

Question 26

three dimensions of temperament

Answer 26

effortful control negative mood exuberant

Question 27

effortful control

Answer 27

self sooth regulate attention/emotion

Question 28

negative mood

Answer 28

fearfull, angry, unhappy

Question 29

exuberant

Answer 29

active social not shy

Question 30

levels of temperament affect

Answer 30

later personality

Question 31

levels of temperament is associated with

Answer 31

distinctive levels of hormones, brain patterns, and behaviors

Question 32

do genetics determine final outcome

Answer 32

no

Question 33

Synchrony

Answer 33

given interaction how does the caregiver respond which might lead to a change in behavior for infant

Question 34

is synchrony temporary or long term

Answer 34

temporary

Question 35

attachement

Answer 35

lasting emotional bond

Question 36

attachment is temporary or long term

Answer 36

long term

Question 37

social referencing

Answer 37

seeking information about how to react to an ambiguous situation by observing someone elses expressions and reactions using another trusted person as a social references

Question 38

mutual synchrony

Answer 38

life is more predictable and more enjoyable

Question 39

still face technique

Answer 39

having someone whom the infant already recognizes stop interacting in the ways they normally do and have a flat face

Question 40

parents responsiveness to an infant aids in

Answer 40

psychological and biological development

Question 41

infants brains need what to develop to their fullest

Answer 41

social interaction

Question 42

two signs indicate attachement

Answer 42

contact maintaining proximity seeking

Question 43

4 behaviors which promote nearness to a specific person whom the infant is attached

Answer 43

signaling behavior orienting behavior movement toward another person physical contact

Question 44

type A attachment

Answer 44

indecure avoidant attachement

Question 45

type B attachement

Answer 45

secure attachement

Question 46

type C attachement

Answer 46

insecure resistance/ambivalent

Question 47

type D attachment

Answer 47

disorganized

Question 48

Insecure avoidant attachement act

Answer 48

contact and interaction resistant avoid attachment figures

Question 49

insecure resistant ambivalent act

Answer 49

may show proximity but difficult to soothe, cling and angry when left

Question 50

disorganized act

Answer 50

child seems confused and unsure of reaction suddenly switches from hitting to kissing

Question 51

secure attachment act

Answer 51

seeks proximity feel confident and comfortable use mother as a secure base

Question 52

characteristics of high quality daycare - ratio

Answer 52

low

Question 53

characteristics of high quality daycare - staff

Answer 53

well trained and experienced

Question 54

characteristics of high quality daycare - turnover

Answer 54

low staff turnover

Question 55

what attachment style has the most curiosity

Answer 55

secure

Question 56

which attachment styles have the need for cognitive closure

Answer 56

insecure types

Question 57

what stage of freud is oral and anal

Answer 57

oral is first year anal is second

Question 58

first eriksons stage

Answer 58

trust and autonomy stages

Question 59

behaviorism - bandura

Answer 59

parents mold an infants emotions and personality through reinforcement and punishment

Question 60

proximal parenting

Answer 60

caregiving practices that involve being physically close to the baby with frequent holding and touching

Question 61

distal parenting

Answer 61

caregiving practices that involve remaining distant from the baby, providing toys, food, and face to face communication with minimal holding

Question 62

which cultures is proximal parenting more commone

Answer 62

cultures that vaulue collective actions and family interdependence

Question 63

which cultures is distal parenting more common

Answer 63

cultures that value independence

Question 64

cognitive theory

Answer 64

set of assumptions that individual uses to organize perceptions and experiences

Question 65

evolutionary theory

Answer 65

human child must be nourished, protected and taught much more longer than offspring of any other species

Question 66

allocare

Answer 66

the care of children by people other than the biological parents

Question 67

colic

Answer 67

bouts of uncontrollable crying

Question 68

social smile is evoke by

Answer 68

human face

Question 69

social smile is affected by age since

Answer 69

conception

Question 70

fear is affected by three factors

Answer 70

awareness of discrepancy temperament social contect

Question 71

what is helpful for treating a temper tantrum

Answer 71

comfort

Question 72

constitutionally based

Answer 72

temperament begins with genes

Question 73

oxytocin correlates with

Answer 73

interest in people

Question 74

once infants are walking, what comes prevelant

Answer 74

attachement not synchrony

Question 75

adoption and age

Answer 75

older the worse

Question 76

woman did more

Answer 76

smiling