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Developmental Psychology > Chapter 4 The First Two Years: The Social World > Flashcards

Chapter 4 The First Two Years: The Social World Flashcards

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1
Q

Primary emotions

A

happiness
sadness
fear
anger
surprise
disgust

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2
Q

how do primary emotions come about

A

innate and universal

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3
Q

crying indicates

A

hurt
Hungry
tired
frightened

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4
Q

what are some special cases of crying

A

colic
reflux

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5
Q

when do you see an increase in crying

A

2nd to 6th

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6
Q

social smiling starts when

A

6 weeks

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7
Q

how is social smile evoked

A

viewing human faces

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8
Q

Anger is expressed at what age

A

6 months

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9
Q

is anger a healthy or unhealthy response to frustration

A

healthy

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10
Q

sadness indicates what rather than a bid for help

A

withdrawl

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11
Q

sadness is accompanied by increased production of

A

cortisol

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12
Q

fear age

A

9 mo

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13
Q

fear is reasponse to

A

people, things, situations

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14
Q

stranger wariness

A

infant no longer smiles at any friendly face but cries or looks frightened when an unfamiliar person moves to close

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15
Q

separation anxiety age

A

1 year to 2 years

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16
Q

temper tantrums

A

strong bursts of primary emotions, anger, then sadness

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17
Q

secondary emotions invlove

A

awareness of others/social awareness

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18
Q

examples of secondary emotions

A

pride
shame
embarrassment
guilt
jealousy

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19
Q

self awareness

A

persons realization that he or she is distinct individual whose body, mind, and actions are separate from those of other people

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20
Q

mirror recognition age

A

15-24 month

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21
Q

is temperament inborn

A

yes

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22
Q

temperament is a response to

A

enviornment

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23
Q

is temperament stable across time and situations

A

yes

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24
Q

temperamental traits are

A

genetic

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25
Q

personality traits are

A

learned

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26
Q

three dimensions of temperament

A

effortful control
negative mood
exuberant

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27
Q

effortful control

A

self sooth
regulate attention/emotion

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28
Q

negative mood

A

fearfull, angry, unhappy

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29
Q

exuberant

A

active
social
not shy

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30
Q

levels of temperament affect

A

later personality

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31
Q

levels of temperament is associated with

A

distinctive levels of hormones, brain patterns, and behaviors

32
Q

do genetics determine final outcome

A

no

33
Q

Synchrony

A

given interaction
how does the caregiver respond which might lead to a change in behavior for infant

34
Q

is synchrony temporary or long term

A

temporary

35
Q

attachement

A

lasting emotional bond

36
Q

attachment is temporary or long term

A

long term

37
Q

social referencing

A

seeking information about how to react to an ambiguous situation by observing someone elses expressions and reactions

using another trusted person as a social references

38
Q

mutual synchrony

A

life is more predictable and more enjoyable

39
Q

still face technique

A

having someone whom the infant already recognizes stop interacting in the ways they normally do and have a flat face

40
Q

parents responsiveness to an infant aids in

A

psychological and biological development

41
Q

infants brains need what to develop to their fullest

A

social interaction

42
Q

two signs indicate attachement

A

contact maintaining
proximity seeking

43
Q

4 behaviors which promote nearness to a specific person whom the infant is attached

A

signaling behavior
orienting behavior
movement toward another person
physical contact

44
Q

type A attachment

A

indecure avoidant attachement

45
Q

type B attachement

A

secure attachement

46
Q

type C attachement

A

insecure resistance/ambivalent

47
Q

type D attachment

A

disorganized

48
Q

Insecure avoidant attachement act

A

contact and interaction resistant
avoid attachment figures

49
Q

insecure resistant ambivalent act

A

may show proximity but difficult to soothe, cling and angry when left

50
Q

disorganized act

A

child seems confused and unsure of reaction
suddenly switches from hitting to kissing

51
Q

secure attachment act

A

seeks proximity
feel confident and comfortable
use mother as a secure base

52
Q

characteristics of high quality daycare
- ratio

A

low

53
Q

characteristics of high quality daycare
- staff

A

well trained and experienced

54
Q

characteristics of high quality daycare
- turnover

A

low staff turnover

55
Q

what attachment style has the most curiosity

A

secure

56
Q

which attachment styles have the need for cognitive closure

A

insecure types

57
Q

what stage of freud is oral and anal

A

oral is first year
anal is second

58
Q

first eriksons stage

A

trust and autonomy stages

59
Q

behaviorism
- bandura

A

parents mold an infants emotions and personality through reinforcement and punishment

60
Q

proximal parenting

A

caregiving practices that involve being physically close to the baby with frequent holding and touching

61
Q

distal parenting

A

caregiving practices that involve remaining distant from the baby, providing toys, food, and face to face communication with minimal holding

62
Q

which cultures is proximal parenting more commone

A

cultures that vaulue collective actions and family interdependence

63
Q

which cultures is distal parenting more common

A

cultures that value independence

64
Q

cognitive theory

A

set of assumptions that individual uses to organize perceptions and experiences

65
Q

evolutionary theory

A

human child must be nourished, protected and taught much more longer than offspring of any other species

66
Q

allocare

A

the care of children by people other than the biological parents

67
Q

colic

A

bouts of uncontrollable crying

68
Q

social smile is evoke by

A

human face

69
Q

social smile is affected by age since

A

conception

70
Q

fear is affected by three factors

A

awareness of discrepancy
temperament
social contect

71
Q

what is helpful for treating a temper tantrum

A

comfort

72
Q

constitutionally based

A

temperament begins with genes

73
Q

oxytocin correlates with

A

interest in people

74
Q

once infants are walking, what comes prevelant

A

attachement
not synchrony

75
Q

adoption and age

A

older the worse

76
Q

woman did more

A

smiling

Developmental Psychology (13 decks)

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