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Developmental Psychology > Chapter 8 Middle Childhood: The Social World > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Middle Childhood: The Social World Flashcards

1
Q

drive for

A

independence

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2
Q

eriksons stage

A

industry vs inferiority

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3
Q

industry vs inferiority

A

tension between productivity and incompetence

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4
Q

parental reactions
- shift from care provision to

A

engagement in dialogue, discussion, and shared activities

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5
Q

decrease in time with parents

A

increase in time alone and with peers

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6
Q

adjustment erosion model

A

emotional problems at age 6 affect later academic difficulties more than vice cersa

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7
Q

children who affirm ____ in their gender and ethnicity are likely to develop healthy self esteem

A

pride

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8
Q

praise for what encourages growth

A

process

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9
Q

self conscious emotions

A

pride, shame, guilt

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10
Q

resilience

A

capacity to adapt well to significant adversity and to overcome serious stress

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11
Q

components of resilience

A

dynamic
positive adaption to stress
adversity must be significant

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12
Q

stress is

A

cumulative

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13
Q

what can be more detrimental than isolated major stress

A

daily hassles

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14
Q

family as abuffer

A

when issues happen and separate parents and children, development predict lifelong problems for these children

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15
Q

factors contributing to resilience

A

interpretation of events and family situation
support of family and community
personal strengths
avoidance of parentification

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16
Q

parentficcation

A

when a child acts more like a parent than a child, making them feel responsible for the family

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17
Q

do children in the same households bu the same parents share the same environment

A

no

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18
Q

SNAF

A

standard North American family
mother father children

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19
Q

is SNAF the US norm

A

no

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20
Q

what is more important function or structure

A

function

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21
Q

what is functuon

A

way a family works to meet the needs of its memebrs

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22
Q

is fundtion easier to measure

A

no

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23
Q

well functioning families do what

A

provide basic material necessities
encourage learning
help development of self respect
nurture friendships
foster harmony and stability

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24
Q

most important function of a family is to give every family member a

A

sense of belonging

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25
what children have higher grades, attendee, and lower rates of physical and motor disorders
two married heterosexual parents
26
structure affects
function
27
standard two parent families
adults: economic and emotional gains from partnership, wealthier and happier child: increased bonding and attention, decreased risk of maltreatment
28
major predictor of children well being was
income and stability * not sexual orientation
29
remarriage benefits
adults more than children
30
what happens in step families
blame, rejection, anger, distrust, and bonding difficulty disruption of daily routines, siblings and half sibling disputes
31
does structure determine funciton
no
32
cohabitation
together but not married
33
what is the norm for young adults and divorced older adults
cohabitation
34
what does cohabitation provide
sexual emotional economic benefit
35
cohbatioation to children
disruption
36
lower achievement in school with who's absence
father
37
what is healthier, joint custody or full
when both parents are directly involved in caregiving, children of divorce are healthier, physically and emotionally than when one parent has custody
38
mothers gatekeeping
fathers involvement depends on mother
39
extended families
grandparents, aunts, uncles
40
when are extended families benefical
infancy
41
three factors increase the likelihood of family dysfunction
frequent changes poverty conflict
42
family instability increases children's
internalizing and externalizing problems and health
43
what are useful coping measures in middle childhood
routines
44
what affect how children react
temperament and family circumstances
45
family stress model
any risk factor damages a family only if it increases the stress on that family
46
adults stressful reaction to poverty is crucial in determination the effect on
children
47
more income
better family functioning
48
family conflict harms
children
49
when is family conflict especially harmful
when talking about child rearing
50
quiet disagreements did what harm
little
51
change is benign
no
52
school age children value personal friendship or peer acceptance
personal friendship
53
end of middle school friends
same sex, age, ethnicity, socioecominic status
54
boys
joint excitement
55
girls
sympathetic reassurance
56
2 types of popular children
friendly and cooperative aggressive
57
3 types of unpopular children
neglected aggressive withdraw
58
neglected unpopular
neglected by peers, not actively shunned do not enjoy school psychologically unharmed
59
aggressive rejected unpopular
disliked due to antagonistic/confrontational behavior bully-victums
60
with drawn rejected unpopulat
disliked because they re timid, withdrawn, and anxious
61
aggressive and withdrawn 3 difficulties
1. misinterpret social situations 2. lack emotional regulation 3. experience mistreatment
62
bullying
repeated systematic efforts to inflict harm on weaker person
63
types of bullying
physical (hitting) verbal (teasing) relational (peer acceptance) cyber
64
when is cyber bulling common
later
65
victims
endure repeated shameful experiences with no defense
66
selection for bullying is based on
emotional vulnerability and social isolaiton not apperence
67
bullies
popular proud socially dominant
68
boy bullies
smaller, weaker boys gay children
69
girl bullies
words and relational aggression to shyer girls
70
cause sof bullying
early childhood chaotic home life ineffectual discipline hostile siblings insecure attachment
71
middle childhood bullying cause
attempt to gain status and power
72
consequences of bullying
serous psychological issues decreased school achevement relationship issues
73
successful efforts to eliminate bullying
parents whole school bystandars
74
convivencia
culture of cooperation and positive relationships within a community
75
morality
fairness kindness equality moral judgments
76
influences on moral development in middle childhoof
peer culture personal experience empathy
77
kholbergs level of moral thought - pre conventional
rewards and punishment
78
kohlbergs level of moral thought - conventional
social rules
79
kholbergs level of moral thought - post
abstract moral principles
80
children align themselves with who when adult morality clashes with child culture
peers
81
three moral imperatives of child culture in middle childhood
defend your fiends don't tell adults conform to peer standards
82
empathy
basic humanity of other people the ability to understand emotions and concerns of another person
83
children begin to understand differences between
intentions and actions
84
reciprocal infleunces
children characteristics affect how parents treat them
85
the effects of family conflict echo in adulthood
financially and psychologically
86
when are children more affected by divorce
childhood and adolences than preschool and college
87
three facts increase the likelihood of family dysfunction in all family structures
1. instability 2. poverty 3. conflict
88
89
self pride depends on
actual accomplishments and the perceptions of others
90
self concept
idea bout themselves, intelligence, personality, abilities, gender, ethnicity
91
opinions about onself become
specific and logical
92
ACE's make resilience
difficult
93
family struture
genetic and legal connections among related people
94
family structure can be measured by who live s
in the hosuehold
95
two parent percent
70
96
nuclear
55
97
stepparent
9
98
adpotive
2
99
grandparents
1t
100
two same sex
1
101
single parent
31
102
single mother - never married
14
103
single mother divorced
12
104
single father
4
105
grandparent alone
1
106
extended family
10
107
polygamous fmaily
0
108
skipped fmaily
parent generation is missing
109
needs of children
physical leaning respenct realtionship stability
110
mothers gatekeeping
mothers encourage father involvement and other limit it
111
family stress model
any risk factor damages a family if and only if it increases stress on parents making them less patient and repsonsive to children
112
child culture
customs, rules, rituals that are passed down to younger children for slightly older ones
113
retribution
hurting the transgressor
114
restitution restoring what was lost

Developmental Psychology (13 decks)

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