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Developmental Psychology > Chapter 8 Middle Childhood: The Social World > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Middle Childhood: The Social World Flashcards

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1
Q

drive for

A

independence

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2
Q

eriksons stage

A

industry vs inferiority

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3
Q

industry vs inferiority

A

tension between productivity and incompetence

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4
Q

parental reactions
- shift from care provision to

A

engagement in dialogue, discussion, and shared activities

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5
Q

decrease in time with parents

A

increase in time alone and with peers

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6
Q

adjustment erosion model

A

emotional problems at age 6 affect later academic difficulties more than vice cersa

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7
Q

children who affirm ____ in their gender and ethnicity are likely to develop healthy self esteem

A

pride

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8
Q

praise for what encourages growth

A

process

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9
Q

self conscious emotions

A

pride, shame, guilt

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10
Q

resilience

A

capacity to adapt well to significant adversity and to overcome serious stress

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11
Q

components of resilience

A

dynamic
positive adaption to stress
adversity must be significant

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12
Q

stress is

A

cumulative

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13
Q

what can be more detrimental than isolated major stress

A

daily hassles

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14
Q

family as abuffer

A

when issues happen and separate parents and children, development predict lifelong problems for these children

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15
Q

factors contributing to resilience

A

interpretation of events and family situation
support of family and community
personal strengths
avoidance of parentification

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16
Q

parentficcation

A

when a child acts more like a parent than a child, making them feel responsible for the family

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17
Q

do children in the same households bu the same parents share the same environment

A

no

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18
Q

SNAF

A

standard North American family
mother father children

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19
Q

is SNAF the US norm

A

no

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20
Q

what is more important function or structure

A

function

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21
Q

what is functuon

A

way a family works to meet the needs of its memebrs

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22
Q

is fundtion easier to measure

A

no

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23
Q

well functioning families do what

A

provide basic material necessities
encourage learning
help development of self respect
nurture friendships
foster harmony and stability

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24
Q

most important function of a family is to give every family member a

A

sense of belonging

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25
Q

what children have higher grades, attendee, and lower rates of physical and motor disorders

A

two married heterosexual parents

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26
Q

structure affects

A

function

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27
Q

standard two parent families

A

adults: economic and emotional gains from partnership, wealthier and happier
child: increased bonding and attention, decreased risk of maltreatment

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28
Q

major predictor of children well being was

A

income and stability
* not sexual orientation

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29
Q

remarriage benefits

A

adults more than children

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30
Q

what happens in step families

A

blame, rejection, anger, distrust, and bonding difficulty

disruption of daily routines, siblings and half sibling disputes

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31
Q

does structure determine funciton

A

no

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32
Q

cohabitation

A

together but not married

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33
Q

what is the norm for young adults and divorced older adults

A

cohabitation

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34
Q

what does cohabitation provide

A

sexual
emotional
economic benefit

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35
Q

cohbatioation to children

A

disruption

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36
Q

lower achievement in school with who’s absence

A

father

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37
Q

what is healthier, joint custody or full

A

when both parents are directly involved in caregiving, children of divorce are healthier, physically and emotionally than when one parent has custody

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38
Q

mothers gatekeeping

A

fathers involvement depends on mother

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39
Q

extended families

A

grandparents, aunts, uncles

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40
Q

when are extended families benefical

A

infancy

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41
Q

three factors increase the likelihood of family dysfunction

A

frequent changes
poverty
conflict

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42
Q

family instability increases children’s

A

internalizing and externalizing problems and health

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43
Q

what are useful coping measures in middle childhood

A

routines

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44
Q

what affect how children react

A

temperament and family circumstances

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45
Q

family stress model

A

any risk factor damages a family only if it increases the stress on that family

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46
Q

adults stressful reaction to poverty is crucial in determination the effect on

A

children

47
Q

more income

A

better family functioning

48
Q

family conflict harms

A

children

49
Q

when is family conflict especially harmful

A

when talking about child rearing

50
Q

quiet disagreements did what harm

A

little

51
Q

change is benign

A

no

52
Q

school age children value personal friendship or peer acceptance

A

personal friendship

53
Q

end of middle school friends

A

same sex, age, ethnicity, socioecominic status

54
Q

boys

A

joint excitement

55
Q

girls

A

sympathetic reassurance

56
Q

2 types of popular children

A

friendly and cooperative
aggressive

57
Q

3 types of unpopular children

A

neglected
aggressive
withdraw

58
Q

neglected unpopular

A

neglected by peers, not actively shunned
do not enjoy school
psychologically unharmed

59
Q

aggressive rejected unpopular

A

disliked due to antagonistic/confrontational behavior
bully-victums

60
Q

with drawn rejected unpopulat

A

disliked because they re timid, withdrawn, and anxious

61
Q

aggressive and withdrawn 3 difficulties

A
  1. misinterpret social situations
  2. lack emotional regulation
  3. experience mistreatment
62
Q

bullying

A

repeated
systematic efforts to inflict harm on weaker person

63
Q

types of bullying

A

physical (hitting)
verbal (teasing)
relational (peer acceptance)
cyber

64
Q

when is cyber bulling common

A

later

65
Q

victims

A

endure repeated shameful experiences with no defense

66
Q

selection for bullying is based on

A

emotional vulnerability and social isolaiton
not apperence

67
Q

bullies

A

popular
proud
socially dominant

68
Q

boy bullies

A

smaller, weaker boys
gay children

69
Q

girl bullies

A

words and relational aggression to shyer girls

70
Q

cause sof bullying

A

early childhood
chaotic home life
ineffectual discipline
hostile siblings
insecure attachment

71
Q

middle childhood bullying cause

A

attempt to gain status and power

72
Q

consequences of bullying

A

serous psychological issues
decreased school achevement
relationship issues

73
Q

successful efforts to eliminate bullying

A

parents
whole school
bystandars

74
Q

convivencia

A

culture of cooperation and positive relationships within a community

75
Q

morality

A

fairness
kindness
equality
moral judgments

76
Q

influences on moral development in middle childhoof

A

peer culture
personal experience
empathy

77
Q

kholbergs level of moral thought
- pre conventional

A

rewards and punishment

78
Q

kohlbergs level of moral thought
- conventional

A

social rules

79
Q

kholbergs level of moral thought
- post

A

abstract moral principles

80
Q

children align themselves with who when adult morality clashes with child culture

A

peers

81
Q

three moral imperatives of child culture in middle childhood

A

defend your fiends
don’t tell adults
conform to peer standards

82
Q

empathy

A

basic humanity of other people
the ability to understand emotions and concerns of another person

83
Q

children begin to understand differences between

A

intentions and actions

84
Q

reciprocal infleunces

A

children characteristics affect how parents treat them

85
Q

the effects of family conflict echo in adulthood

A

financially and psychologically

86
Q

when are children more affected by divorce

A

childhood and adolences than preschool and college

87
Q

three facts increase the likelihood of family dysfunction in all family structures

A
  1. instability
  2. poverty
  3. conflict
88
Q
A
89
Q

self pride depends on

A

actual accomplishments and the perceptions of others

90
Q

self concept

A

idea bout themselves, intelligence, personality, abilities, gender, ethnicity

91
Q

opinions about onself become

A

specific and logical

92
Q

ACE’s make resilience

A

difficult

93
Q

family struture

A

genetic and legal connections among related people

94
Q

family structure can be measured by who live s

A

in the hosuehold

95
Q

two parent percent

A

70

96
Q

nuclear

A

55

97
Q

stepparent

A

9

98
Q

adpotive

A

2

99
Q

grandparents

A

1t

100
Q

two same sex

A

1

101
Q

single parent

A

31

102
Q

single mother - never married

A

14

103
Q

single mother divorced

A

12

104
Q

single father

A

4

105
Q

grandparent alone

A

1

106
Q

extended family

A

10

107
Q

polygamous fmaily

A

0

108
Q

skipped fmaily

A

parent generation is missing

109
Q

needs of children

A

physical
leaning
respenct
realtionship
stability

110
Q

mothers gatekeeping

A

mothers encourage father involvement and other limit it

111
Q

family stress model

A

any risk factor damages a family if and only if it increases stress on parents making them less patient and repsonsive to children

112
Q

child culture

A

customs, rules, rituals that are passed down to younger children for slightly older ones

113
Q

retribution

A

hurting the transgressor

114
Q

restitution restoring what was lost

A

Developmental Psychology (13 decks)

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