Chapter 9

Question 1

concept of drugs

Answer 1

contemporary meanings refer to:
1) medicinal preparations (by medical professional or self-administed)
2) sunstances taken (at least initially) for the purpose of pleasure)
some sunstances move between 2 cateogires over time

Question 2

drugs use in canada

Answer 2

cocaine, opium, other drugs widely available as meds in the 19th century
used for almost all aliments from toothache to diahea
addicts often: middle or upper class women
doctors/businessmen accidently addicted
little social addiction to drugs
as doctors became aware of addictions, eased up on prescribing opiates

Question 3

canada’s first widespread panic about drug use

Answer 3

in the 1920’s after soliders returned from world war one
influenced by gender, race, and class sterotypes and discrimtion
narratives of drug use in 1920’s media fueled panic
also impacted drug legislation and publics perception of drug users

Question 4

athletes use of drugs

Answer 4

open culture of drug use already present in endurance sports
required help to finish the race
disqaulifiction of “doped athlete” infuriated fans
indicates no moral opposition to drugs in early olympic games

Question 5

spillover to sport

Answer 5

societal disapproval of recreactional drugs motivated opposition to drug use in sport
as dangers and health riks emerged-increased disapporval
supplements have been used by athletes since the ancient olympic games

Question 6

everyday drugs

Answer 6

1. caffeine
2. alcohol
3. nicotine

Question 7

erogenic aids

Answer 7

substances that enhnace work output, particularly as it relates to athletic preformance
include drugs, dietatry supplements, and mechanial aids
common, permitted egogenic aids: vits and min, carb loading

Question 8

drugs and ergogenic aids

Answer 8

ergogenic aids in sport 
-function: enhance athletic preformance 
2 types of EA
sunstances 
-legal drugs
-illegal drugs
-nurtirional supplements

Question 9

banned sunstances and methods

Answer 9

the world anti-doping agency maintains a list of banned sunstances (drugs) and methods (chemical and physical manipulations)
doping does not mean taking a drug, but violating an anti-doping rule

Question 10

the 1990’s- post ben johnson and the dubin inquiry

Answer 10

IOC medical commission attempts to standardize different requirements across sports and countries
resistance from international federations , especially FIFA
blood testing begins in lillehammer 194

Question 11

the creation of the world anti-doping agency

Answer 11

world conference on doping in sport

produced the lausanne declaration on doping in sport calling for creation of WADA

Question 12

what does WADA do

Answer 12

1. establish a single list of banned sunstances
2. coordinate standards to collect/analyze samples
3. push for unified drug sanctions
4. promote research
5. coordinate standards for random unannounced testing (RUT) and therapeutic use exemptions

Question 13

why ban a substance/method

Answer 13

what criteria does WADA set to determine if a substance/method belongs on the banned list

1. enhances preformance
2. causes harm
3. violates the spirit of sport

Question 14

oxygen transport

Answer 14

WADA code voilation via:
prohibited substance
prohibited method

Question 15

ways to improve VO2 max

Answer 15

1. train the muscle
2. improve blood circulation
3. improve the capacity of blood to carry oxygen

Question 16

hematocrit

Answer 16

refers to the precentage of total blood volume consisting of red blood cells
typical female- 37-47%
typical male- 40-54%

Question 17

ways of increasing hematocrit

Answer 17

1. blood transfusions
2. exogenous stimulation of increased RBC production
3. altitude acclimazation
4. supplementation
5. gene therapy

Question 18

Eero mantyranta

Answer 18

7 olympic medals
suspected of blood doping
cleared after DNA testing of 200 fam members
20% higher RBC production
up to 50% increase in oxygen carrying capacity in blood