Chapter 5

Question 1

human muscle

Answer 1

660 muscles
1/2 body weight
ventilation, digestion,pumping of blood, movement

Question 2

how is muscle formed

Answer 2

formed by muscle fibers (cells called myocytes) bound together by connective tissue

Question 3

how is muscle linked to bone

Answer 3

by bundles of collegen fibers (tendons)

Question 4

antagonist

Answer 4

relaxes muscle

Question 5

thin fliaments and thick

Answer 5

thin= actin
thick = myosin

Question 6

sarcomere

Answer 6

z line: protiens anchoring thin flilaments
h zone: space between thin filaments
m line: protiens achoring thick fliaments
I band: actin fliaments
a band: myosin fliaments

Question 7

fasts twitch muscle fibers

Answer 7

appear white
fast contraxction
anaerobic 
fatigue fast
large fibers

Question 8

slow twitch muscle fibers

Answer 8

appear red 
slow contraction
aerobic
fatigue resistant
small fibers

Question 9

sensory nevres

Answer 9

transmit info from sensory recptors to CNS

Question 10

motor nerves

Answer 10

transmit info from CNS to skeletal muscles

Question 11

trainable factors

Answer 11

fibre diameters
intra and inter muscle coordination
nerve impulse frquency 
energy stores
capillary density

Question 12

concentric action

Answer 12

muscle overcomes a load

shortens

Question 13

eccentric action

Answer 13

muscle is overcome by a load

lengthens

Question 14

increased active muscle mass

Answer 14

increased absolute strength

Question 15

retaliative strength

Answer 15

maximal strength/body mass= relative strength

Question 16

muscle fiber type

Answer 16

increased FT content withina muscle = increased force output, speed of contraction and decreased endurance
increased ST content within a muscle = decreased force output, speed of contraction and increased endurane

Question 17

age

Answer 17

increased age = decreaed FT number
selective loos of FT fibers - cell death ( apoptosis)
sacropenia: ages 30-70, 30% of muscle tissue

Question 18

average women is

Answer 18

70% of mans strength at equal body mass
women have more ST fibers and less FT
20-30% less testosterone

Question 19

adensine triphosphate

Answer 19

fuels all chemical processes

bodys energy currency

Question 20

hydrolysis

Answer 20

energy liberated for muscle contraction
ATP- to ADP
ADP + free phosphate

Question 21

ATP resynthesis

Answer 21

energy from breakdown of carbs, protein, and fat

ADP + P = ATP

Question 22

immediate energy
short-term enerrgy
long-term energy

Answer 22

phosphagen system
glycolytic system
oxidative system

Question 23

phosphagen system

Answer 23

anaerobic alactic system

short duration very high intensity activities

Question 24

gylcolytic system

Answer 24

anaerobic latic system

1. low rate pyruvic acid-pyruvate: shuttled to mitochondria for aerobic metabolism
2. high rate pyruvic acid-lactic acid: stored in muscles until rest enters cori cycle in the liver

Question 25

oxidative system

Answer 25

oxygen transport

maximal aerobic power (VO2 max)