Chapter 5 Flashcards
human muscle
660 muscles
1/2 body weight
ventilation, digestion,pumping of blood, movement
how is muscle formed
formed by muscle fibers (cells called myocytes) bound together by connective tissue
how is muscle linked to bone
by bundles of collegen fibers (tendons)
antagonist
relaxes muscle
thin fliaments and thick
thin= actin thick = myosin
sarcomere
z line: protiens anchoring thin flilaments
h zone: space between thin filaments
m line: protiens achoring thick fliaments
I band: actin fliaments
a band: myosin fliaments
fasts twitch muscle fibers
appear white fast contraxction anaerobic fatigue fast large fibers
slow twitch muscle fibers
appear red slow contraction aerobic fatigue resistant small fibers
sensory nevres
transmit info from sensory recptors to CNS
motor nerves
transmit info from CNS to skeletal muscles
trainable factors
fibre diameters intra and inter muscle coordination nerve impulse frquency energy stores capillary density
concentric action
muscle overcomes a load
shortens
eccentric action
muscle is overcome by a load
lengthens
increased active muscle mass
increased absolute strength
retaliative strength
maximal strength/body mass= relative strength
muscle fiber type
increased FT content withina muscle = increased force output, speed of contraction and decreased endurance
increased ST content within a muscle = decreased force output, speed of contraction and increased endurane
age
increased age = decreaed FT number
selective loos of FT fibers - cell death ( apoptosis)
sacropenia: ages 30-70, 30% of muscle tissue
average women is
70% of mans strength at equal body mass
women have more ST fibers and less FT
20-30% less testosterone
adensine triphosphate
fuels all chemical processes
bodys energy currency
hydrolysis
energy liberated for muscle contraction
ATP- to ADP
ADP + free phosphate
ATP resynthesis
energy from breakdown of carbs, protein, and fat
ADP + P = ATP
immediate energy
short-term enerrgy
long-term energy
phosphagen system
glycolytic system
oxidative system
phosphagen system
anaerobic alactic system
short duration very high intensity activities
gylcolytic system
anaerobic latic system
- low rate pyruvic acid-pyruvate: shuttled to mitochondria for aerobic metabolism
- high rate pyruvic acid-lactic acid: stored in muscles until rest enters cori cycle in the liver
oxidative system
oxygen transport
maximal aerobic power (VO2 max)
