Chapter 3

Question 1

function of the skeletal system

Answer 1

protect bodys organs

provide a supporting framework for movement

Question 2

bone is

Answer 2

a living tissue complete with blood supply and nerves

Question 3

human skeleton

Answer 3

divisions: axial

appendicular

Question 4

how many bones

Answer 4

approx 206 bones
different shapes
classes of bone tissue

Question 5

axial skeleton

Answer 5

80 bones
supports stabilizes, and protects
skull, sterum, ribs, vertebral column

Question 6

appendicular skeleton

Answer 6

126 bones
responsible for large portion of movement
pectoral gridle, upper limb, pelvic gridle, lower limb

Question 7

shape determines

Answer 7

function

Question 8

short bones

Answer 8

includes bones of the ankle (tarsals) and wrists (carpals)

serve as good shock absorbers

Question 9

long bones

Answer 9

include femur, humerus, any bone whos length greatly exceeds its diameter
provide levers for movement

Question 10

flat bones

Answer 10

include bones of the skull, scapula, ribs, sternum, clavicle

largely protect underlying organs

Question 11

irregular bones

Answer 11

include bones of your face, and vertebre
bones that cannot be placed in other groups
fulfill special functions

Question 12

sesamoid bones

Answer 12

includes the patella

oval shape, like a pea, and found in tendons

Question 13

2 classes of bone tissue

Answer 13

compact/cortical: compact, stiff and stress resistant, long bones
spongy/cancellous: flexible, shock absorbers, vertebrae

Question 14

babies are born with how many bones

Answer 14

300 bones (94 more than adult)

Question 15

bone composition

Answer 15

calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate
collogen protien
water

Question 16

calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate

Answer 16

60-70% of bone
stiffness
reistance to pressing/squezzing

Question 17

collagen protien

Answer 17

flexibility
resist pulling and stretch
when lost, bone becomes brittle (aging)

Question 18

water

Answer 18

20% of bone

lower water composition makes bones stronger than other tissues

Question 19

bone develops from

Answer 19

cartilige model

cartilige soldifies into bone through process called ossification

Question 20

muscle types

Answer 20

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

Question 21

skeletal muscle

Answer 21

attached to bone
contraction = body movement
motor nerve control/ voluntary

Question 22

cardiac muscle

Answer 22

heart contraction/beating
very fatigue resistant
has own intrinsic beat
automatic nerve control/involuntary

Question 23

smooth muscle

Answer 23

blood vessels & organs
slow and uniform contractions
fatigue resistant
automatic nerve control/involuntary

Question 24

what is a joint

Answer 24

connection between two or more bones
strands of connective tissue (ligaments) ensure stability and hold joint together
classified by the degree of movement

Question 25

origin

Answer 25

proximal attachment
closer to center of the body
attached to more stationary parts

Question 26

insertion

Answer 26

distal attachment
away from the center of the body
more mobile structure

Question 27

three types of joints

Answer 27

fibrous joints
cartilaginous joints
synovial joints

Question 28

fibrous joints

Answer 28

no movement
absorb shock
ex) skull structures

Question 29

cartilaginous joints

Answer 29

limited movement
absorb shock
ex) interverbral discs

Question 30

synovial joints

Answer 30

greatest degree of movement
allow movement most common
ex) hip joint

Question 31

four points of synovial joints

Answer 31

joint capsule-surrounds and provides support (secretes synovial fluid)
joint cavity-filled with synovial lubrication
hyaline cartilage- dense white connective tissues that protect aticulating bones
ligaments, extrinstic and (intrinstic)-support and articulate

Question 32

joint movements

Answer 32

uniaxial-movement about one axis
biaxial joints- movement about two perpendicular axes
multiaxial joints- movement about all the perpendicular

Question 33

types of synovial joints

Answer 33

1. hinge joint (uniaxial)
2. pivot joint (uniaxal)
3. condyloid joint (biaxial)
4. saddle-shaped joint (biaxial)
5. ball and socket joint (multiaxial)
6. plane joint (biaxial)

Question 34

1. hinge joint

Answer 34

has one articulating surface that is convex, and another that is concave
ex) elbow

Question 35

2.pivot joint

Answer 35

one bone rotates around one axis

ex) neck

Question 36

3. condyloid joint

Answer 36

the joint surfaces are usually oval
one is ovular convex shape, and other reciprocally shaped concave surface
ex) knuckles joint

Question 37

4. saddle joint

Answer 37

the bones set together as in sitting on a horse

ex) thumb joint

Question 38

5. ball and socket joint

Answer 38

a rounded bone is fitted into a cup-like receptable

ex) shoulder and hip joints

Question 39

6. plane joint

Answer 39

the bone surfaces involved are nearly flat

ex) acromioclavicular