Chapter 6

Question 1

many of our current sports come from late 19th century what?

Answer 1

Britain, played by “gentleman amateurs”

Question 2

what paved the way for limited women’s physical activity

Answer 2

social darwinism and nationalism

Question 3

victorians used what to justify cultural differences between women and men

Answer 3

biological explanations

Question 4

sport was modernized through

Answer 4

written rules
regulated spaces and times
organized competitions 
international diffusion
creation of national teams/ international governing bodies

Question 5

canadian sport history

Answer 5

European explorers “discover” the new world and native north American in the 15-16 centuries
games were prevalent in indigenous communities
more interested in survival skills besides baggataway

Question 6

the early years

Answer 6

slow development during 17-18th century due to church and war influences
industrial revolution- increased leisure time and engagement in sport and games
cricket largely privileged to upper class

Question 7

women’s sport, graceful athleticism

Answer 7

begun prodominantly in 1880’s
light exercise and concentrated on making women both strong and graceful
goal: protecting women, based on the assumption that they were weak, fragile

Question 8

1890’s bicycle craze

Answer 8

invention of the pneumatic tire and the safety bicycle
mass production
revolutionary impact on womens access to physical activity
ided by the intro of the “bloomer” bi-furcated skirt

Question 9

1920’s-30’s

Answer 9

golden age

Question 10

first-wave feminism

Answer 10

political changes
-suffragette movement
-winning the vote
prohibtion

Question 11

1920’s

Answer 11

social changes

Question 12

fanny “bobby” rosenfeld

Answer 12

gold and silver medals in track an field 1928
hockey and softball star
named canada’s female athlete of the half century in 1950

Question 13

preston rivulettes

Answer 13

348 wins 2 loses
8 consecutive ontario champs
6 constitutive national tittles

Question 14

edmonton grads

Answer 14

most successful team in canadian sports history
502 wins 20 losses (1915-1940)
18 can titles
17 NA titles

Question 15

women organizing sport for women

Answer 15

leaders such as alice milliat
created international federation
hosted womens only games

Question 16

womens olympics

Answer 16

1922 paris
1926 gottenberg
womens world games 
1930 prague
1934 london

Question 17

women at the 1928 Olympics

Answer 17

matchless six won: gold in high jump
gold in 4x 100 relay
silver and bronze in 100 m

Question 18

philosophy

Answer 18

the art of wondering

Question 19

religion, science, philosophy

Answer 19

religion: belief , faith
science: experiment, observe, describe
philosophy: reasoning, argumentation, logic

Question 20

metaphysics

Answer 20

study of what is real

Question 21

epistemology

Answer 21

study of knowledge

Question 22

aesthetics

Answer 22

study of beauty

Question 23

ethics

Answer 23

study of how we should live

Question 24

logic

Answer 24

study of arguement analysis

Question 25

philosophy

Answer 25

to think more intentionally, seriously, rigorously and thoroughly about physical activity and leisure

Question 26

eras of western philosophical thought

Answer 26

socrates plato aristotle alexander

Question 27

the dark ages

Answer 27

post roman empire collapse in 476 (500 to 1500)
when rome fell, intellectual stagnation and regression followed
imagery of war, destruction, death
life was a physical test, so PE was not needed except to prepare for war

Question 28

dualism

Answer 28

two opposing parts or elements
metaphysical dualism: clear distinction between the body and the mind
seperation of our being/existence into 2 substances
key dualists: plato and descartes

Question 29

the legacy of dualism

Answer 29

1. in education
2. in religion
3. in medicine

Question 30

scholasticism

Answer 30

privileging of mind over body in education
physical activity only to keep the body healthy, not for enjoyment
remains prevalent in western unis

Question 31

asceticism

Answer 31

privileging of mind over body in religion
self-denial of physical pleasure and indulgence emphasized
“pursuits of the flesh” view as detrimental to religious respect
at odds with sensory-based belief systems highlighting physical experinces
training of body degraded and ignored, because considered replusive

Question 32

dualism in medicine

Answer 32

disease as mental or physical, not in combinination
emphasis on treating the body or treating the mind, rarely in unison
more recent move toward holistic meds that reject the dualist seperation of mind and body

Question 33

the decline of dualism

Answer 33

period classified by the shift toward humanism and naturalism
key ideas: intelluctual curiosity
harmonious development and (w)holism
a sound mind in a sound body
renewed attention to anatomy and movement

Question 34

realism

Answer 34

the move towards scientific observation and experimentation
shift from faith to evidence
realization that bodily movement could be studied scientifically

Question 35

the 17th and 18th century

Answer 35

early precurors to modern ideas about politics, sociology, religion, and education
jean jacques rousseaus contributions against inequality and in favor of holistic education of mind and body

Question 36

johann gutmuths innovative physical education system

Answer 36

taught that growth and development of the body was intgral to education
good health promote through gymnastics-based exercises
physiology and med used to promote health through fun exercise

Question 37

lingering implications of dualistic views

Answer 37

scientization of sport and leisure
low status in hierachy of education
fighting the “fun” (neg) and jock stereotypes
emphasis on utility (health and fitness, not play)
name changes reflect these views