Chapter 6 Flashcards
many of our current sports come from late 19th century what?
Britain, played by “gentleman amateurs”
what paved the way for limited women’s physical activity
social darwinism and nationalism
victorians used what to justify cultural differences between women and men
biological explanations
sport was modernized through
written rules regulated spaces and times organized competitions international diffusion creation of national teams/ international governing bodies
canadian sport history
European explorers “discover” the new world and native north American in the 15-16 centuries
games were prevalent in indigenous communities
more interested in survival skills besides baggataway
the early years
slow development during 17-18th century due to church and war influences
industrial revolution- increased leisure time and engagement in sport and games
cricket largely privileged to upper class
women’s sport, graceful athleticism
begun prodominantly in 1880’s
light exercise and concentrated on making women both strong and graceful
goal: protecting women, based on the assumption that they were weak, fragile
1890’s bicycle craze
invention of the pneumatic tire and the safety bicycle
mass production
revolutionary impact on womens access to physical activity
ided by the intro of the “bloomer” bi-furcated skirt
1920’s-30’s
golden age
first-wave feminism
political changes
-suffragette movement
-winning the vote
prohibtion
1920’s
social changes
fanny “bobby” rosenfeld
gold and silver medals in track an field 1928
hockey and softball star
named canada’s female athlete of the half century in 1950
preston rivulettes
348 wins 2 loses
8 consecutive ontario champs
6 constitutive national tittles
edmonton grads
most successful team in canadian sports history
502 wins 20 losses (1915-1940)
18 can titles
17 NA titles
women organizing sport for women
leaders such as alice milliat
created international federation
hosted womens only games
womens olympics
1922 paris 1926 gottenberg womens world games 1930 prague 1934 london
women at the 1928 Olympics
matchless six won: gold in high jump
gold in 4x 100 relay
silver and bronze in 100 m
philosophy
the art of wondering
religion, science, philosophy
religion: belief , faith
science: experiment, observe, describe
philosophy: reasoning, argumentation, logic
metaphysics
study of what is real
epistemology
study of knowledge
aesthetics
study of beauty
ethics
study of how we should live
logic
study of arguement analysis
philosophy
to think more intentionally, seriously, rigorously and thoroughly about physical activity and leisure
eras of western philosophical thought
socrates plato aristotle alexander
the dark ages
post roman empire collapse in 476 (500 to 1500)
when rome fell, intellectual stagnation and regression followed
imagery of war, destruction, death
life was a physical test, so PE was not needed except to prepare for war
dualism
two opposing parts or elements
metaphysical dualism: clear distinction between the body and the mind
seperation of our being/existence into 2 substances
key dualists: plato and descartes
the legacy of dualism
- in education
- in religion
- in medicine
scholasticism
privileging of mind over body in education
physical activity only to keep the body healthy, not for enjoyment
remains prevalent in western unis
asceticism
privileging of mind over body in religion
self-denial of physical pleasure and indulgence emphasized
“pursuits of the flesh” view as detrimental to religious respect
at odds with sensory-based belief systems highlighting physical experinces
training of body degraded and ignored, because considered replusive
dualism in medicine
disease as mental or physical, not in combinination
emphasis on treating the body or treating the mind, rarely in unison
more recent move toward holistic meds that reject the dualist seperation of mind and body
the decline of dualism
period classified by the shift toward humanism and naturalism
key ideas: intelluctual curiosity
harmonious development and (w)holism
a sound mind in a sound body
renewed attention to anatomy and movement
realism
the move towards scientific observation and experimentation
shift from faith to evidence
realization that bodily movement could be studied scientifically
the 17th and 18th century
early precurors to modern ideas about politics, sociology, religion, and education
jean jacques rousseaus contributions against inequality and in favor of holistic education of mind and body
johann gutmuths innovative physical education system
taught that growth and development of the body was intgral to education
good health promote through gymnastics-based exercises
physiology and med used to promote health through fun exercise
lingering implications of dualistic views
scientization of sport and leisure
low status in hierachy of education
fighting the “fun” (neg) and jock stereotypes
emphasis on utility (health and fitness, not play)
name changes reflect these views
