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Pers 1500 > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

growth

A

a measurable change in body size, qaunity, or fucntioning

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2
Q

maturation

A

the extent a characteristic reselmbles a mature biological state

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3
Q

motor development

A

the study of how motor behaviour change over time because of biological and enviornmental influences

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4
Q

cepholocudual vs proxidmal

A

head to foot

center to outward

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5
Q

readiness

A

is when an indivdual is pro[ared to aquire a particular behvaiour or skill and has internal motivation to learn

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6
Q

infancy <1 year

A

mlaes are usally slightly heavier, and longer than females at birth
extermely rapid growth
3 x birth weight
increased bith height by 50%

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7
Q

childhood (1-13 years)

A

1-6-loss of baby fat, rapid growth, good flexibility, lots of muscle develoment
7-10- slower and more constant growth
improments in coordination and motor functioning
10-13 -growth spurt preceeded by fat accumulation
puberty- 12-14- height spurt, redistribution of body weight

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8
Q

adolescence (14-20 years)

A

somatotypes: develop
ectomorph: linear shape, delicate bone structure, litle fat, and long, limbs
mesomorph: well-muscled little fat, broad shoulders, narrow waist
endomorph: rounded appearnce, heavy bone, little bone and muscle definition

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9
Q

body comp

A

male fat content at birth 13%
recommneded 10-22%
women fat content at birth 15%
recommended 20-32%

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10
Q

motor devlopment

A 
infants: 
reflective-sucking
spontaneuous-kicking
redimentary- rolling
early to mid childhood:
fundemental movemnets 
walking, running, catching, tthrowing
late childhood and adolescence:
advanced fundemental movements 
specilizaed movements are formed by combing skills that are sport specific
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11
Q

infant brain

A

midbrain:
reflex center
most developed at birth
reflexive movements for feeding and protection
cerebrum: (cerebral cortext, hippocampus, basal ganglia)
controls volentary movement, memory, and sensation
redimentary movements that are volutariry cntrolled rolling, sitting, reaching
cerebullum:
the little brain that controls balance and coordination
standing crawling, grasping

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12
Q

cardiovasular system

A

supplies muscles and organs with O2 and nutrients removes metabolic by-products from tissues
cristical for preformace
enhanced by training

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13
Q

cardiovasular anatomy

A

heart
peripheral curriculatory system
red blood cells

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14
Q

heart

A

pumps blood through the human body
will beat about 3 billion time sover our life
one of the first organs to begin functioning after conception

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15
Q

muscle cells

A 
3 layers:
1. endocardium (within)
lines the heart chambers
allows smooth blood flow 
2. myocardium (middle)
thick and muscular
pumps blood
3. apicardium (upon)
thin
protection 
pericardium (around)
protective sac containing pericardial fluid 
loosely surrounds heart 
reduces friction
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16
Q

chambers and vessels

A 
ventricles: pump blood to the body
right ventricle: deoxy blood
to lungs
via pulmonary artery
left ventricle: oxy blood
to body
via aorta 
atria:
pump blood into ventricles 
right atrium: deoxy blood 
from body
via superior/inferior 
vena cava
left atrium: 
oxy blood 
from lungs
via pulmonary vein
*only vein that carries oxygenated blood*
17
Q

valves

A

semilunar valves:
open when ventricles contract to direct blood flow into arteries
1. pulmonary valve: right ventricle –> pulmonary artery
2. aortic valve: left ventricle–> aorta
close when ventricles relax to prevnt backflow

18
Q

valves 2

A

atrioventicular valves
open when atria contract to direct blood flow into ventricles
1. tricuspid valve: right atrium–> right ventricle
2. bicuspid/mitral valve: left atrium–> left ventricle
close when atria relax to prevent backflow

19
Q

function

A

heart contracts in a constant rhythm
may speed up or slow down
depending on the bodys blood and oxygen need
sinus node:
bundle of nerve fibers that controls heart rate
called the pace maker of the heart
loacted inside the right atrium wall
generate a nerve muscle walls to contract
artia 1st, ventricles 2nd

20
Q

blood pressure

A
  1. systolic BP
    during venticular contraction (systole)
    how hard heart works
    strain against arteial walls during contraction
    normal: 120mm Hg
  2. diastolic BP
    during heart relaxation (diastole)
    indicates peripheral BP (outside the heart)
    ease with which blood flows from arterties to capillaries
    normal: 10-80mm Hg
21
Q

cardiac output

A

the amount of blood pumped into thr aorta each minute

representation of the qaunity of blood flowing to peripheral circulation

22
Q

stroke volume

A

amount of blood (ml) pumped out of left ventricle per heart beat
resting: 70 ml

23
Q

arteries

A

carry blood away from the herat
arterioles- small vessels that branch from arteries
capillaries- tiny vessels that branch from arterioles
allow O2 nutrient exchnage; waste and CO2 removal

24
Q

veins

A

carry blood towards the heart
venules- small vessels that branch from veins
valves- open blood flowing towards the herat
close with blood flowing away from the heart
blood flow against gravity
valves close ro prevent back flow
vanous smooth muscle cells contract
skeletal muscles contract

25
Q

red blood cells

A

blood:
plasma- transport fluid
platelets-clot forming component
white blood cells- infection fighting cells (leukocyte)
red blood cells- oxygen carrying cells (erythocyte)
RBC’s
most abundant cell type in blood
hematocrit-precentage of blood made up in RBC’s (usually 45% of blood volume)
carry O2 lung–>body tissues
carry CO2 body tissues –> lung

26
Q

transport of CO2

A 
tissues--> blood --> lunsg --> air
helps regulate body's 
ionic equalibrium (chloride shift)
pH balance (bicabonate)
CO2 transport to the lungs occurs in one of 3 wyas
27
Q

O2 uptake

A

measured as VO-volume of oxygen consumed in a given amount of time
amount of O2 consumed due to aerobic metabolism
measured as O2 volume consumed in one minute
increased energy requirements = increased VO2
there is a limit to the maount of O2 that can be consumed:
maximal aerboic power
varies with genetics and training

28
Q

hemoglobin

A

read slide

29
Q

factors affecting O2 delivery

A

cardiac output:
amount of blood pumped by the herat each minute (into the aorta)
determine O2 volume delievered to tissues
hematocrit:
concentration of red blood cells
determines amount of O2 per a volume of blood

30
Q

factors affecting O2 uptake

A

O2 extraction:
ability of tissues to extract O2
affected by mitocondria number and enzyme efficeiency
capillarization:
number of capilieries in tissue
affects the ability of cardiovasular system to place RBC’s close to the working tissues

31
Q

3 respiration aspects

A
  1. ventilation
    - inspiration
    - experation
    - acheived by thoaraic diaphram and interocostal muscle
  2. gas exchange
    - betywen air and blood
    - between blood and other tissue
  3. oxygen utilzation
    - at the tissues
    - cellular respiration
32
Q

altidtude

A 
"thin air" 
-decreased gas density
-decreased O2 with each breath
hyperventilation (immediate) 
-increased breathing rate
-increased O2 delivery
-increased CO2 removal, and acid base balance changes 
acute moutain sickness
headache- brain and lung swelling
O2 carrying capacity (long-term)
-more RBC
-more Hb per RBC

Pers 1500 (12 decks)

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