Chapter 9 Flashcards
🗣️ What is language?
A system of symbols and rules used for communication.
🧠 What is language production?
The expression of thoughts through words.
👂 What is language comprehension?
Understanding spoken, written, or signed language.
🔤 What is a phoneme?
Smallest unit of sound that can distinguish words.
🧩 What is a morpheme?
Smallest unit of sound that carries meaning.
📄 What is a word?
The smallest free form in a language.
🧾 What is a sentence?
A sequence of words expressing meaning.
📐 What is syntax?
Rules for arranging words to convey meaning.
🎭 What is pragmatics?
Practical use of language like tone, gestures, and body language.
👶 What is the prelinguistic period?
Before the first word; infants are sensitive to speech.
🚀 What is fast-mapping?
Learning a word’s meaning after 1 or 2 exposures.
🔄 What is overextension?
Using specific word to describe a broader group (e.g., ‘car’ for all vehicles).
🔽 What is underextension?
Using general word for a specific item (e.g., ‘candy’ only for peppermints).
🧾 What is telegraphic speech?
2-word sentences by age 2, like ‘more milk’.
📚 When do kids learn grammar?
By age 4, basic grammar is understood.
🧪 What is the behaviourist view on language?
Language is learned by imitation and reinforcement.
🧬 What is the nativist view?
Humans are biologically wired to learn language (Chomsky’s LAD).
🌱 What is the interactionist view?
Language learning needs both biology and environment.
🧠 What does Broca’s area do?
It’s critical for speech production.
🧠 What does Wernicke’s area do?
It’s critical for language comprehension.
📊 What are problems of structure?
Require finding relationships (e.g., analogies, series).
🧩 What are problems of arrangement?
Need arranging parts to satisfy a rule (e.g., anagrams).
🔁 What are problems of transformation?
Need a series of steps to reach a goal (e.g., water jug problem).
🧠 What is an algorithm?
Step-by-step method that guarantees a solution.
