Chapter 11 Flashcards
🚀 What is motivation?
It influences direction, persistence, and energy of goal-directed behavior.
🐾 What is instinct theory?
Behaviors are driven by instincts, but lacks strong evidence.
⚖️ What is homeostasis?
The body’s balance—drive theory says disruption causes motivation (e.g. thirst).
📈 What is arousal theory?
We try to maintain an optimal level of arousal for best performance.
🎯 What are incentives?
Rewards that ‘pull’ us toward goals. Can be primary or secondary.
🏆 What’s the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?
Intrinsic = for fun; Extrinsic = for reward or avoiding punishment.
🔺 What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
Basic needs must be met before higher needs (like self-actualization).
🍔 What is set point theory?
Body has a weight it tries to maintain via homeostatic mechanisms.
🧠 What part of the brain controls hunger?
LH starts eating, VMH may stop eating, PVN regulates it with neurotransmitters.
🧪 What signals start a meal?
Drop in blood glucose; liver makes glucose from stored nutrients.
🧪 What signals end a meal?
Stomach stretch + chemicals like CCK sent to brain.
🧬 What is leptin?
A hormone from fat cells that tells brain to reduce hunger.
🧠 How does psychology affect hunger?
Taste = positive reinforcement; hunger reduction = negative reinforcement.
🎭 What is objectification theory?
Seeing your body as an object leads to body image issues.
👫 How do men & women differ in body image?
Men want to be bulkier, women want to be thinner.
❤️ Why do people have sex?
Reproduction, pleasure, love, duty, or peer pressure.
🔄 What are the 4 stages of sexual response?
Excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution.
🧠 What brain parts are involved in sex?
Hypothalamus, amygdala, cerebellum, prefrontal cortex.
💭 What’s the psychological side of sex?
Fantasies, desire, and mental perceptions affect sexual behavior.
🏳️🌈 What is sexual orientation?
A person’s preference for romantic/sexual partners (on a continuum).
😊 What are emotions?
Feelings with cognitive, physiological, and behavioral parts.
🧠 What are the 3 parts of emotions?
Cognitive (thoughts), physiological (body), behavioral (actions).
🧠 What brain parts handle emotion?
Amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex.
⚡ What nervous system is active during emotions?
Sympathetic (arousal) and parasympathetic (calming).
