Chapter 15 Flashcards
What are the four agreed-upon features of abnormal functioning?
Deviance, Distress, Dysfunction, Danger
Which manual is used to diagnose mental disorders in North America?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V)
What is the main system used globally to classify psychological disorders?
International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11)
What are two key differences in DSM-V and ICD-11 usage?
DSM-V is used in North America; ICD-11 is used internationally.
Name two neurodevelopmental disorders.
Autism Spectrum Disorder and ADHD
List three examples of mood disorders.
Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, Cyclothymic Disorder
What is the cognitive triad in explaining Major Depressive Disorder?
Negative views of self, world, and future
What neurotransmitter irregularities are associated with Bipolar Disorder?
Irregularities in ions that allow neurons to communicate
What is generalized anxiety disorder characterized by?
Anxiety under most life circumstances, diffuse worry, restlessness, sleep problems.
What are the ten most common phobias?
Arachnophobia, Acrophobia, Agoraphobia, Social phobia, Aerophobia, Claustrophobia, Brontophobia, Mysophobia, Carcinophobia, Necrophobia.
What percentage of Canadians over 15 years old have experienced a panic attack?
0.21
What are obsessions and compulsions in OCD?
Obsessions are persistent unwanted thoughts; compulsions are repetitive behaviors to reduce anxiety.
What are common symptoms of PTSD?
Hyperalertness, sleep disturbance, guilt, anxiety, depression, difficulty concentrating.
What brain changes are linked to PTSD?
Increased cortisol and norepinephrine, damaged hippocampus and amygdala.
What is the diathesis-stress model in schizophrenia?
Biological predisposition plus negative event.
What is dissociative identity disorder?
Presence of two or more distinct personalities.
What is antisocial personality disorder?
Disregards and violates the rights of others, impulsive, reckless, self-centered.
What is the biosocial theory of borderline personality disorder?
Difficulty identifying and controlling emotions, with emotions being punished or disregarded.
What are the five areas of functioning affected in Bipolar Disorder?
Emotional, motivational, behavioral, cognitive, physical.
How do cognitive-behavioral theorists explain social anxiety disorder?
Dysfunctional cognitions about social situations, unrealistic standards, fear of clumsy behavior.
What are the explanations for somatic symptom disorders?
Classical conditioning, modeling, and misinterpretation of bodily cues.
Define resilience in developmental psychopathology.
The ability to recover from or avoid the effects of negative circumstances.
What is the neuroscience model’s explanation for psychological disorders?
Genetic inheritance, neurotransmitter imbalances, brain structure abnormalities.
What is selective perception in cognitive-behavioral theory?
Seeing only the negative aspects of situations.
