Chapter 15 Flashcards
What are the four agreed-upon features of abnormal functioning?
Deviance, Distress, Dysfunction, Danger
Which manual is used to diagnose mental disorders in North America?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V)
What is the main system used globally to classify psychological disorders?
International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11)
What are two key differences in DSM-V and ICD-11 usage?
DSM-V is used in North America; ICD-11 is used internationally.
Name two neurodevelopmental disorders.
Autism Spectrum Disorder and ADHD
List three examples of mood disorders.
Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, Cyclothymic Disorder
What is the cognitive triad in explaining Major Depressive Disorder?
Negative views of self, world, and future
What neurotransmitter irregularities are associated with Bipolar Disorder?
Irregularities in ions that allow neurons to communicate
What is generalized anxiety disorder characterized by?
Anxiety under most life circumstances, diffuse worry, restlessness, sleep problems.
What are the ten most common phobias?
Arachnophobia, Acrophobia, Agoraphobia, Social phobia, Aerophobia, Claustrophobia, Brontophobia, Mysophobia, Carcinophobia, Necrophobia.
What percentage of Canadians over 15 years old have experienced a panic attack?
0.21
What are obsessions and compulsions in OCD?
Obsessions are persistent unwanted thoughts; compulsions are repetitive behaviors to reduce anxiety.
What are common symptoms of PTSD?
Hyperalertness, sleep disturbance, guilt, anxiety, depression, difficulty concentrating.
What brain changes are linked to PTSD?
Increased cortisol and norepinephrine, damaged hippocampus and amygdala.
What is the diathesis-stress model in schizophrenia?
Biological predisposition plus negative event.
What is dissociative identity disorder?
Presence of two or more distinct personalities.
What is antisocial personality disorder?
Disregards and violates the rights of others, impulsive, reckless, self-centered.
What is the biosocial theory of borderline personality disorder?
Difficulty identifying and controlling emotions, with emotions being punished or disregarded.
What are the five areas of functioning affected in Bipolar Disorder?
Emotional, motivational, behavioral, cognitive, physical.
How do cognitive-behavioral theorists explain social anxiety disorder?
Dysfunctional cognitions about social situations, unrealistic standards, fear of clumsy behavior.
What are the explanations for somatic symptom disorders?
Classical conditioning, modeling, and misinterpretation of bodily cues.
Define resilience in developmental psychopathology.
The ability to recover from or avoid the effects of negative circumstances.
What is the neuroscience model’s explanation for psychological disorders?
Genetic inheritance, neurotransmitter imbalances, brain structure abnormalities.
What is selective perception in cognitive-behavioral theory?
Seeing only the negative aspects of situations.
What is the difference between acute stress disorder and PTSD?
ASD lasts less than a month, PTSD lasts more than a month.
What are the primary neurotransmitter issues in Major Depressive Disorder?
Low norepinephrine and serotonin activity.
What is the concept of equifinality in developmental psychopathology?
Different children can start from different points and end up at the same outcome.
What is multifinality in developmental psychopathology?
Children can start from the same point and end up at different outcomes.
What are the symptoms of mania in Bipolar Disorder?
Powerful highs and lows, rapid speech, poor judgment, little sleep needed.
What is learned helplessness in depression?
A sense of powerlessness arising from persistent failure.
What is the cognitive-behavioral explanation for OCD?
Learning that compulsive behavior relieves distress.
What are the main symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder?
Restlessness, edginess, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, sleep problems.
What are the five categories of psychological disorder symptoms?
Mood, anxiety, psychotic, somatic, and personality disorders.
What are examples of dissociative disorders?
Dissociative amnesia, derealization disorder, dissociative identity disorder.
What are the cognitive symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder?
Negative self-evaluation, pessimism, difficulty concentrating, thoughts of death.
