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Psyc > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four agreed-upon features of abnormal functioning?

A

Deviance, Distress, Dysfunction, Danger

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2
Q

Which manual is used to diagnose mental disorders in North America?

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V)

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3
Q

What is the main system used globally to classify psychological disorders?

A

International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11)

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4
Q

What are two key differences in DSM-V and ICD-11 usage?

A

DSM-V is used in North America; ICD-11 is used internationally.

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5
Q

Name two neurodevelopmental disorders.

A

Autism Spectrum Disorder and ADHD

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6
Q

List three examples of mood disorders.

A

Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, Cyclothymic Disorder

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7
Q

What is the cognitive triad in explaining Major Depressive Disorder?

A

Negative views of self, world, and future

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8
Q

What neurotransmitter irregularities are associated with Bipolar Disorder?

A

Irregularities in ions that allow neurons to communicate

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9
Q

What is generalized anxiety disorder characterized by?

A

Anxiety under most life circumstances, diffuse worry, restlessness, sleep problems.

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10
Q

What are the ten most common phobias?

A

Arachnophobia, Acrophobia, Agoraphobia, Social phobia, Aerophobia, Claustrophobia, Brontophobia, Mysophobia, Carcinophobia, Necrophobia.

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11
Q

What percentage of Canadians over 15 years old have experienced a panic attack?

A

0.21

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12
Q

What are obsessions and compulsions in OCD?

A

Obsessions are persistent unwanted thoughts; compulsions are repetitive behaviors to reduce anxiety.

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13
Q

What are common symptoms of PTSD?

A

Hyperalertness, sleep disturbance, guilt, anxiety, depression, difficulty concentrating.

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14
Q

What brain changes are linked to PTSD?

A

Increased cortisol and norepinephrine, damaged hippocampus and amygdala.

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15
Q

What is the diathesis-stress model in schizophrenia?

A

Biological predisposition plus negative event.

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16
Q

What is dissociative identity disorder?

A

Presence of two or more distinct personalities.

17
Q

What is antisocial personality disorder?

A

Disregards and violates the rights of others, impulsive, reckless, self-centered.

18
Q

What is the biosocial theory of borderline personality disorder?

A

Difficulty identifying and controlling emotions, with emotions being punished or disregarded.

19
Q

What are the five areas of functioning affected in Bipolar Disorder?

A

Emotional, motivational, behavioral, cognitive, physical.

20
Q

How do cognitive-behavioral theorists explain social anxiety disorder?

A

Dysfunctional cognitions about social situations, unrealistic standards, fear of clumsy behavior.

21
Q

What are the explanations for somatic symptom disorders?

A

Classical conditioning, modeling, and misinterpretation of bodily cues.

22
Q

Define resilience in developmental psychopathology.

A

The ability to recover from or avoid the effects of negative circumstances.

23
Q

What is the neuroscience model’s explanation for psychological disorders?

A

Genetic inheritance, neurotransmitter imbalances, brain structure abnormalities.

24
Q

What is selective perception in cognitive-behavioral theory?

A

Seeing only the negative aspects of situations.

25
Q

What is the difference between acute stress disorder and PTSD?

A

ASD lasts less than a month, PTSD lasts more than a month.

26
Q

What are the primary neurotransmitter issues in Major Depressive Disorder?

A

Low norepinephrine and serotonin activity.

27
Q

What is the concept of equifinality in developmental psychopathology?

A

Different children can start from different points and end up at the same outcome.

28
Q

What is multifinality in developmental psychopathology?

A

Children can start from the same point and end up at different outcomes.

29
Q

What are the symptoms of mania in Bipolar Disorder?

A

Powerful highs and lows, rapid speech, poor judgment, little sleep needed.

30
Q

What is learned helplessness in depression?

A

A sense of powerlessness arising from persistent failure.

31
Q

What is the cognitive-behavioral explanation for OCD?

A

Learning that compulsive behavior relieves distress.

32
Q

What are the main symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder?

A

Restlessness, edginess, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, sleep problems.

33
Q

What are the five categories of psychological disorder symptoms?

A

Mood, anxiety, psychotic, somatic, and personality disorders.

34
Q

What are examples of dissociative disorders?

A

Dissociative amnesia, derealization disorder, dissociative identity disorder.

35
Q

What are the cognitive symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder?

A

Negative self-evaluation, pessimism, difficulty concentrating, thoughts of death.

Psyc (8 decks)

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