Chapter 16 Flashcards
What are the three essential features of all therapies?
1) A sufferer who seeks help, 2) A trained, socially accepted healer, 3) A series of contacts with the goal of changing attitudes, emotional states, or behaviours.
What is the difference between psychotherapies and biological therapies?
Psychotherapies use words and acts to overcome psychological difficulties, while biological therapies involve drugs and physiological interventions such as surgeries.
Who is more likely to seek therapy, men or women?
Women are more likely to seek therapy, with 2/3 of clients being women.
What are psychotropic drugs and their types?
Psychotropic drugs act on the brain and include antianxiety drugs, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics.
What is the placebo effect?
The placebo effect refers to improvements in symptoms due to the belief in the treatment rather than the treatment itself.
What is Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) used for?
ECT is used to treat severe depression by sending an electrical current through the brain, inducing a seizure.
What is Vagus Nerve Stimulation?
A procedure where an implanted pulse generator sends electrical signals to the brain via the vagus nerve to reduce depression.
What are the strengths and criticisms of biological treatments?
Strengths: Effective when other treatments fail. Criticisms: Can have undesirable side effects and ignore environmental factors.
What are the main techniques used in psychodynamic therapies?
Free association, therapist interpretation, resistance, transference, catharsis, and working through.
What is systematic desensitization?
A classical conditioning technique used to treat phobias by gradually exposing a client to fear-inducing stimuli.
What are token economies in behavioural therapy?
Systems where desirable behaviours are rewarded with tokens that can be exchanged for privileges or items.
What is Ellis’s Rational-Emotive Behavioural Therapy?
A cognitive therapy that identifies irrational assumptions and models alternative ways of thinking.
What is Beck’s Cognitive Therapy?
A therapy that helps clients identify and change negative thoughts, used widely for depression and anxiety disorders.
What are the criticisms of cognitive-behavioural therapies?
It is unclear whether cognitive, behavioural, or combined features are effective; the role of cognition is debated.
What is Rogers’s client-centred therapy?
A humanistic therapy aiming to create an environment where clients see themselves honestly and acceptingly.
What is the goal of Gestalt therapy?
To guide clients toward self-acceptance through techniques like skillful frustration and role playing.
What is the main principle of community mental health treatment?
To provide treatment in a familiar environment and focus on prevention.
What is family therapy?
A therapy where the whole family meets to address dynamics and systemic issues affecting behaviour.
What is the empirically supported treatment movement?
A movement advocating for the use of therapies that are supported by research evidence.
Which therapies are effective for phobias?
Behavioural therapies like systematic desensitization.
Which therapy is commonly used for social anxiety disorder?
Cognitive-behavioural therapy.
What is the role of gender-sensitive therapies?
To acknowledge and address the stressors and challenges faced by women and girls.
What percentage of Canadian marriages do not survive past the 13th anniversary?
0.38
What are the advantages of group therapy?
Provides support from peers with similar issues, though effectiveness varies.
How is humanistic therapy different from existential therapy?
Humanistic therapy focuses on fulfilling potential, while existential therapy emphasizes responsibility for choices.
What does transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) involve?
Using an electromagnetic coil on the head to treat depression non-invasively.
What is the main criticism of psychodynamic therapies?
Their effectiveness is not strongly supported by research.
What is unconditional positive regard?
A concept in client-centred therapy where the therapist offers total acceptance of the client.
What are self-help groups?
Groups where people with similar issues provide mutual support without professional guidance.
What should you do if you encounter vocabulary questions during the exam?
Put up your hand and ask for clarification.
