Chapter 16

Question 1

What are the three essential features of all therapies?

Answer 1

1) A sufferer who seeks help, 2) A trained, socially accepted healer, 3) A series of contacts with the goal of changing attitudes, emotional states, or behaviours.

Question 2

What is the difference between psychotherapies and biological therapies?

Answer 2

Psychotherapies use words and acts to overcome psychological difficulties, while biological therapies involve drugs and physiological interventions such as surgeries.

Question 3

Who is more likely to seek therapy, men or women?

Answer 3

Women are more likely to seek therapy, with 2/3 of clients being women.

Question 4

What are psychotropic drugs and their types?

Answer 4

Psychotropic drugs act on the brain and include antianxiety drugs, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics.

Question 5

What is the placebo effect?

Answer 5

The placebo effect refers to improvements in symptoms due to the belief in the treatment rather than the treatment itself.

Question 6

What is Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) used for?

Answer 6

ECT is used to treat severe depression by sending an electrical current through the brain, inducing a seizure.

Question 7

What is Vagus Nerve Stimulation?

Answer 7

A procedure where an implanted pulse generator sends electrical signals to the brain via the vagus nerve to reduce depression.

Question 8

What are the strengths and criticisms of biological treatments?

Answer 8

Strengths: Effective when other treatments fail. Criticisms: Can have undesirable side effects and ignore environmental factors.

Question 9

What are the main techniques used in psychodynamic therapies?

Answer 9

Free association, therapist interpretation, resistance, transference, catharsis, and working through.

Question 10

What is systematic desensitization?

Answer 10

A classical conditioning technique used to treat phobias by gradually exposing a client to fear-inducing stimuli.

Question 11

What are token economies in behavioural therapy?

Answer 11

Systems where desirable behaviours are rewarded with tokens that can be exchanged for privileges or items.

Question 12

What is Ellis’s Rational-Emotive Behavioural Therapy?

Answer 12

A cognitive therapy that identifies irrational assumptions and models alternative ways of thinking.

Question 13

What is Beck’s Cognitive Therapy?

Answer 13

A therapy that helps clients identify and change negative thoughts, used widely for depression and anxiety disorders.

Question 14

What are the criticisms of cognitive-behavioural therapies?

Answer 14

It is unclear whether cognitive, behavioural, or combined features are effective; the role of cognition is debated.

Question 15

What is Rogers’s client-centred therapy?

Answer 15

A humanistic therapy aiming to create an environment where clients see themselves honestly and acceptingly.

Question 16

What is the goal of Gestalt therapy?

Answer 16

To guide clients toward self-acceptance through techniques like skillful frustration and role playing.

Question 17

What is the main principle of community mental health treatment?

Answer 17

To provide treatment in a familiar environment and focus on prevention.

Question 18

What is family therapy?

Answer 18

A therapy where the whole family meets to address dynamics and systemic issues affecting behaviour.

Question 19

What is the empirically supported treatment movement?

Answer 19

A movement advocating for the use of therapies that are supported by research evidence.

Question 20

Which therapies are effective for phobias?

Answer 20

Behavioural therapies like systematic desensitization.

Question 21

Which therapy is commonly used for social anxiety disorder?

Answer 21

Cognitive-behavioural therapy.

Question 22

What is the role of gender-sensitive therapies?

Answer 22

To acknowledge and address the stressors and challenges faced by women and girls.

Question 23

What percentage of Canadian marriages do not survive past the 13th anniversary?

Answer 23

0.38

Question 24

What are the advantages of group therapy?

Answer 24

Provides support from peers with similar issues, though effectiveness varies.

Question 25

How is humanistic therapy different from existential therapy?

Answer 25

Humanistic therapy focuses on fulfilling potential, while existential therapy emphasizes responsibility for choices.

Question 26

What does transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) involve?

Answer 26

Using an electromagnetic coil on the head to treat depression non-invasively.

Question 27

What is the main criticism of psychodynamic therapies?

Answer 27

Their effectiveness is not strongly supported by research.

Question 28

What is unconditional positive regard?

Answer 28

A concept in client-centred therapy where the therapist offers total acceptance of the client.

Question 29

What are self-help groups?

Answer 29

Groups where people with similar issues provide mutual support without professional guidance.

Question 30

What should you do if you encounter vocabulary questions during the exam?

Answer 30

Put up your hand and ask for clarification.