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Psyc > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main parts of the nervous system?

A

Central nervous system (CNS) and Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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2
Q

What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Responsible for the fight-or-flight reaction

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3
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

A

Reverses the effect of the sympathetic nervous system to return the body to its resting state

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4
Q

What is the role of afferent neurons?

A

Carry signals from the PNS to the CNS

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5
Q

What is the role of efferent neurons?

A

Carry signals from the CNS to the PNS muscles and glands

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6
Q

What are interneurons and where are they typically found?

A

Relay cells between different neuron types; found in the spinal cord between motor and sensory neurons

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7
Q

What is the function of the medulla?

A

Regulates heartbeat, breathing, sneezing, and coughing

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8
Q

What is the role of the pons?

A

Acts as a bridge between the medulla and other brain areas

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9
Q

What is the cerebellum important for?

A

Motor coordination and certain types of learning that involve movement

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10
Q

What is the reticular formation responsible for?

A

Regulating the sleep/wake cycle

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11
Q

What is the function of the substantia nigra in the midbrain?

A

Important in the fluidity of movement and inhibiting movements

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12
Q

What does the thalamus do?

A

Serves as a relay station for incoming sensory information

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13
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

Important for motivation, basic drives, and control of the endocrine system

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14
Q

What is the role of the pituitary gland?

A

Regulates hormones

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15
Q

What is the limbic system involved in?

A

Regulation of motivation, emotion, learning, and memory

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16
Q

What is the hippocampus important for?

A

Certain types of learning and memory

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17
Q

What is the basal ganglia’s role?

A

Plays a role in cognitive flexibility and voluntary movement control

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18
Q

What does the cerebral cortex control?

A

Complex functions such as consciousness, language, and thought

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19
Q

What happens when the motor cortex is electrically stimulated?

A

Specific parts of the body move

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20
Q

What is the parietal lobe responsible for?

A

Perception and processing of touch stimuli

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21
Q

What are the two main parts of the nervous system?

A

Central nervous system (CNS) and Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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22
Q

What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Responsible for the fight-or-flight reaction

23
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

A

Reverses the effect of the sympathetic nervous system to return the body to its resting state

24
Q

What is the role of afferent neurons?

A

Carry signals from the PNS to the CNS

25
Q

What is the role of efferent neurons?

A

Carry signals from the CNS to the PNS muscles and glands

26
Q

What are interneurons and where are they typically found?

A

Relay cells between different neuron types; found in the spinal cord between motor and sensory neurons

27
Q

What is the function of the medulla?

A

Regulates heartbeat, breathing, sneezing, and coughing

28
Q

What is the role of the pons?

A

Acts as a bridge between the medulla and other brain areas

29
Q

What is the cerebellum important for?

A

Motor coordination and certain types of learning that involve movement

30
Q

What is the reticular formation responsible for?

A

Regulating the sleep/wake cycle

31
Q

What is the function of the substantia nigra in the midbrain?

A

Important in the fluidity of movement and inhibiting movements

32
Q

What does the thalamus do?

A

Serves as a relay station for incoming sensory information

33
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

Important for motivation, basic drives, and control of the endocrine system

34
Q

What is the role of the pituitary gland?

A

Regulates hormones

35
Q

What is the limbic system involved in?

A

Regulation of motivation, emotion, learning, and memory

36
Q

What is the hippocampus important for?

A

Certain types of learning and memory

37
Q

What is the basal ganglia’s role?

A

Plays a role in cognitive flexibility and voluntary movement control

38
Q

What does the cerebral cortex control?

A

Complex functions such as consciousness, language, and thought

39
Q

What happens when the motor cortex is electrically stimulated?

A

Specific parts of the body move

40
Q

What is the parietal lobe responsible for?

A

Perception and processing of touch stimuli

41
Q

What are Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area responsible for?

A

Broca’s area: speech production; Wernicke’s area: language comprehension

42
Q

What are the major types of neurons?

A

Sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons

43
Q

What are the major structures of a neuron?

A

Cell body, axon, and dendrites

44
Q

What is the function of astrocytes?

A

Create blood-brain barrier, influence communication between neurons, and help heal brain damage

45
Q

What do oligodendroglia do?

A

Provide myelin to speed up transmission of neurons

46
Q

What is the resting potential of a neuron?

A

When a neuron is at rest, it is negatively charged inside relative to the outside

47
Q

What happens during an action potential?

A

Ion channels open to let charged ions flow into and out of the neuron, making the neuron more positive inside

48
Q

What is the all-or-none principle?

A

Either a neuron is sufficiently stimulated to start an action potential or it is not

49
Q

What triggers the release of neurotransmitters?

A

An action potential

50
Q

What are excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials?

A

Excitatory postsynaptic potentials depolarize the neuron, increasing the likelihood of an action potential; inhibitory postsynaptic potentials hyperpolarize the neuron, decreasing the likelihood of an action potential

51
Q

What are the functions of glutamate and GABA?

A

Glutamate: learning, memory, movement, emotions, cognition; GABA: learning, anxiety regulation

52
Q

What does the corpus callosum do?

A

Connects the two brain hemispheres and allows for communication between them

53
Q

What is the significance of the visual system in split-brain patients?

A

Visual cues from the temporal part of the visual field are sent to the opposite side of the brain, while those from the medial part are transmitted to the same side of the brain

Psyc (6 decks)

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