Chapter 9 Flashcards
motivation
a specific need, desire, or want that energizes goal directed behavior
instinct
inborn goal directed behavior tendency that is characteristic of a species
William James about instinct
claimed that humans have instincts, early 1800s
drive-reduction theory
motivated behavior is aimed at reducing a state of tension or arousal and returning the organism to homeostasis
arousal theory
organisms seek optimal level of arousal
Yerkes-Dodson law
optimal level of arousal for best performance of a task. less complex tasks need less arousal
intrensic motivaiton
engaging in tasks for personal interest and enjoyment
extrensic motivation
motivation of outside source
lateral hypothalamus
tells us when we’re hungry by measuring glucose levels
ventromedial hypothalamus
tells when you’re full
paraventricular nucleus
influences desire to eat a specific food
how many days can you go without food
20-30
how many days can you go without water
3
anorexia demographic
90% middle to upper class young women
symptoms of anorexia
distorted body image, self-starvation, extreme weight loss, fears obesity even while losing weight
anorexia diagnosis
25% loss of ideal body weight
bulimia demographic
99% middle to upper class young women
bulimia symptoms
“binge and purge”; reocurant episodes of binge eating high caloric foods in short period of time (<2 hours) before inducing vomiting. inconspicuous eating
muscle dysmorphia
in young men, focus on working out and dieting
body dysmorphic disorder
belief there is something wrong with a specific part of appearance, usually a facial feature
why do we sense thirst
lack of water decreases blood flow to the kidneys and signals to the brain to drink
hyponatremia
drinking too much water so oxygen and carbon dioxide cant exchange; < 135mEq/L
how long does it take water to reach the cells
15 minutes
what organ measures water
large intestine
aggression
behavior aimed at doing harm to others
how many violent crimes in US?
1.5 million
how many murders in US?
20,000
first degree murder
planned out
second degree murder
not planned out but kinda intentional
manslaughter
total accident
how many rapes and unreported rapes in US?
100,000, 2-3 per reported
how many robberies per year?
.5 million
bulgerly
nonconfrontational
how many aggrivated assults
1 million
achievement
desire to have success
affiliation
need to be with others and to interact
list needs hierarchy from bottom to top
physiological needs - safety needs - love/belonging - esteem - self actualisation
Harry Harlow experiment
baby monkeys given to cloth and wire mothers; chose cloth without food than wire with food
James-Lange Theory
physiological reaction before emotion
Cannon-Bard Theory
physiological and emotional responses go at the same time
Schachter-Singer Theory
emotional response depends on one’s perception or judgement of the situation one is in
five nonverbal forms of communication
voice quality, facial expression, body language, personal space, explicit acts
primary drive
unlearned motivator
secondary drive
learned motivatior
incentives
environmental objects that cause motivation
stimulus motive
like curiosity; encourages exploration
individualist society increases ___ behavior
aggressive
collectiveness society increases ___ behavior
peaceful
work orientation
motivation to do a good job
mastery
wanting difficult tasks
competitiveness
comparing skills
espirit de corps
wanting to be part of a group
Plutchik circle
shows ranges of emotions
primary emotion
emotions common across cultures
secondary emotion
emotions only in some cultures
display rules
culture specific rules for emotion expression
