AP Psych Exam Review (Princeton Review)

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

study of behavior and mental processes

Question 2

Behavior

Answer 2

process of observable actions

Question 3

Mind

Answer 3

mental processes like sensation, memories, emotions, logic, etc.

Question 4

Dualism

Answer 4

division of world into body and spirit

Question 5

Brain

Answer 5

command center of CNS

Question 6

Empiricism

Answer 6

using observation to find answers

Question 7

Tabula Rosa

Answer 7

“blank slate”; what an infant’s mind is like

Question 8

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 8

philosophy of materialism

Question 9

Materialism

Answer 9

belief that only existing things are matter and energy

Question 10

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 10

founder of psychology. trained in physiology

Question 11

Edward Titchner

Answer 11

Wundt’s student, brought psychology to US. Philosophy of structuralism

Question 12

Structuralism

Answer 12

the smallest parts of the mind are what controls it, and is needed to understand the bigger picture of the mind

Question 13

Introspection

Answer 13

research method; describing experience to identify commonalities

Question 14

William James

Answer 14

American psychologist. Philosophy of functionalism

Question 15

Functionalism

Answer 15

focusing research on how the mind works

Question 16

Dorthea Dix

Answer 16

advocated for mentally ill poor people, for mental hospitals

Question 17

Biological psychology

Answer 17

field for identifying how anatomy, physiology, and behavior overlap

Question 18

Behavioral genetics

Answer 18

field focusing on how inherited characteristics lead to specific behaviors (predispositions and extent of impact)

Question 19

Behaviorism

Answer 19

field focusing on observable behavior. “If behavior is learned, it can be unlearned”. Uses conditioning techniques

Question 20

Cognitive psychology

Answer 20

field focusing on identifying how someone thinks to understand their behavior. (functionalism + structuralism)

Question 21

Humanistic approach

Answer 21

field focusing on the roles of consciousness, free will, and awareness. How things like goals impact behavior

Question 22

Carl Rogers

Answer 22

Humanistic. Focus on unconditional positive regard

Question 23

Psychoanalytic

Answer 23

field focusing on the conscious and unconscious and how they interact. Freud. Based on childhood

Question 24

Sociocultural approach

Answer 24

field focusing on how environment determines behavior and others’ perception of behavior. Culture, socioeconomic status, education, etc.

Question 25

Evolutionary approach

Answer 25

field for how behavior is a result of adaptation and natural selection

Question 26

Biopsychosocial approach

Answer 26

field focusing on interactions of the biological, psychological, and social parts of mental processes

Question 27

single blind design

Answer 27

participants don't know, researcher does

Question 28

double blind design

Answer 28

neither participants nor researcher knows

Question 29

positive vs negative skew

Answer 29

positive shifts left, negative shifts right

Question 30

null vs alternative hypothesis

Answer 30

null: treatment has no effect alternative: treatment has an effect null is accepted or rejected

Question 31

traits

Answer 31

specific characteristics or behaviors

Question 32

nerves sending info to brain

Answer 32

sensory/afferent neuron

Question 33

nerves sending info to body

Answer 33

motor/efferent neuron

Question 34

reflex

Answer 34

involuntary reactions to environment

Question 35

interneuron

Answer 35

99% of neurons, used to send information

Question 36

categorize parts of nervous system

Answer 36

nervous system: CNS and PNS PNS is somatic and autonomic autonomic is sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 37

CNS

Answer 37

brain and spinal cord

Question 38

PNS

Answer 38

everything other than brain and spinal cord

Question 39

somatic system

Answer 39

voluntary movement

Question 40

autonomic system

Answer 40

involuntary movement

Question 41

sympathetic system

Answer 41

fight/flight

Question 42

parasympathetic system

Answer 42

rest/digest

Question 43

direction of signal in neuron

Answer 43

dendrites -> terminal buttons

Question 44

glial cells

Answer 44

support neurons

Question 45

what happens to neurotransmitters after being released?

Answer 45

broken by enzymes or absorbed into neuron (reuptake)

Question 46

acetylcholine

Answer 46

memory, muscle contraction

Question 47

serotonin

Answer 47

arousal, sleep, pain, mood/hunger regulation

Question 48

dopamine

Answer 48

movement, attention, reward; Parkinson's and schizophrenia

Question 49

GABA

Answer 49

inhibitory NT

Question 50

glutamate

Answer 50

excitatory NT

Question 51

norepinephrine

Answer 51

alertness; depression if too little

Question 52

endorphins

Answer 52

painkillers

Question 53

substance P

Answer 53

pain, mood, vasodilation, learning