Chapter 11 Flashcards
psychodynamic theory
behavior motivate by the brain (memories, conflicts)
dual-instinct theory
instincts are eros (life) and thanatos (death)
three parts to personality
id (instinct), ego (reality), and superego (unconscious)
libido
energy generated by sexual instinct
fixation
partial or complete halt in individual’s psychosexual development
oral stage
pleasure from mouth, lips, and tongue
anal stage
defecating or holding feces
anal retentive
neat and orderly - parents were lax about potty training
anal expulsive
messy and disorganized
phallic stage
discover genitals, connect with parent of other gender
oedipus complex
son attracted to mother subconsciously. causes castration anxiety, that dad will be mad at him for loving his mom
electra complex
daughter loves dad subconsciously, while being mad at mom for not having a penis. penis envy
latency
unconscious sexual urges go dormant, all libido redirected to learning social skills
genital stage
sexual impulses reawaken, become conscious. capable of mature love
personal unconscious
repressed thoughts, forgotten memories, undeveloped ideas
collective unconscious
part inherited and common to a whole species
the persona
the mask you show people/what you want others to see
the shadow
part of personality you try to hide
anima
feminine side of men
animus
masculine side of women
Alfred Adler believed
personality is shaped by desire for improvement or perfection
compensation
trying to overcome inadequacy
inferiority complex
when you laser in on inadequacies and can’t move on
infancy
trust vs mistrust
early childhood
2-3; autonomy vs shame and doubt
preschool
3-5; initiative vs guilt
school age
6-11; industry vs inferiority
adolescence
12-18; identity vs role confusion
young adult
19-40; intimacy vs isolation
middle adulthood
40-65; generativity vs stagnation
maturity
65-death; ego identity vs despair
Sheldon’s Somatotype
body type influences personality
endormorphic body shape
viscerotonia personality; round and soft body. relaxed, sociable, tolerant, extravert, peaceful
mesomorphic body type
somatotonia personality; muscular, sturdy, upright. assertive, active, vigorous, combative
ectomorphic body type
cerebrotoria personality; thin, small boned, fragile. introvert, quiet, non-assertive, sensitive, fragile.
big five divisions of personality
extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, introversion ?
altruism
helping someone without expecting something in return
conscientiousness
dutifulness, achievement, discipline, orderly
Reality principle
how the ego delays the id so instincts can be fulfilled safely
ego ideal
what one aspires to be
defense mechanisms
methods of reducing anxiety
denial
refusing to acknowledge a painful/threatening reality
repression
excluding uncomfortable thoughts, feelings, and desires from consciousness
projection
attributing one’s own repressed motives, feelings, or wishes to others
identification
taking on someone else’s characteristics to feel competent
regression
acting like a child
intellectualization
thinking abstractly about your issues to detach yourself from them
reaction formation
expressing exaggerated ideas and emotions that are the opposite of what one represses
displacement
shifting repressed motives and emotions from an original object to a substitute object
sublimation
redirecting repressed motives and feelings into more socially acceptable channels
rational individual
people who regulate their actions through logic and emotion
irrational individual
actions based on sensation or intuition
anxiety
reaction to real or imagined threats
neurotic trends
irrational strategies for dealing with emotions; reduces anxiety
humanistic personality theory
a theory that prioritizes the inherit goodness of people and their attempts at improvement
actualizing tendency
done for everything to fulfil potential and be the best it can be
self-actualizing tendency
human drive to live up to their expectations of themselves.
cognitive-social learning theories
view behavior as a result of environment, experiences, and reactions
expectancies
what one expects of a situation
performance standards
people develop standards to rate themselves
self-efficacy
how successful one expects their efforts to be
tract theory
facets of personality are permanent, causing thoughts, feelings, and actions to be “characteristic”
factor analysis
statistic technique that identifies groups of related traits
trait clusters
some of the 200 traits that are often found together
